<rdf:RDF

xmlns:rdf ="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"

xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"

 xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"

xmlns:sumo="http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/SUMO.owl#"

xmlns:geography="http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#"

xmlns:government="http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Government.owl#"

xmlns     ="http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Terrorists.owl#"

>


<!-- Copyright (c) 2003 Teknowledge Corporation. 

U.S. GOVERNMENT RIGHTS 
Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to 
restrictions set forth in DFARS 227.7202-1(a) and 227.7202-3(a), 
DFARS 252.227-7013(c)(1)(ii), DFARS 252.227-7018, FAR 12.212(a), 
FAR 52.227-19, or FAR 52.227-14 (ALT III), as applicable. 

THIS SOFTWARE CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION AND TRADE SECRETS OF 
TEKNOWLEDGE CORPORATION.  USE, DISCLOSURE, OR REPRODUCTION IS PROHIBITED 
WITHOUT THE PRIOR EXPRESS WRITTEN PERMISSION OF TEKNOWLEDGE CORPORATION. 

For academic and other licenses, contact kslicenses@teknowledge.com 

-->

<rdfs:Class rdf:ID= "ForeignTerroristOrganization">

<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource ="#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:comment>A Foreign Terrorist Organization

  is an Organization designated by the USStateDeparment as one which

  conducts acts of terrorism.  This designation makes it subject to the

  AntiterrorismAndEffectiveDeathPenaltyAct.</rdfs:comment>

</rdfs:Class>



<rdfs:Class rdf:ID= "TerroristOrganization">

<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource ="http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/SUMO.owl#PoliticalOrganization"/>

<rdfs:comment>A group that uses violent means in an

  attempt to bring about their political aims.  Those violent means are

  distinguished from a war between nations, or a civil war in that the group

  is at least partially clandestine and a significant proportion of its acts

  are against non-military targets.</rdfs:comment>

</rdfs:Class>



<owl:DatatypeProperty  rdf:ID= "membersCount">

<rdfs:comment>A relation between an instance of an Organization

  and the approximate number of members in the Organization.</rdfs:comment>

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/SUMO.owl#BinaryPredicate"/>

<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/SUMO.owl#Organization"/>

<rdfs:range rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/SUMO.owl#Number"/>

</owl:DatatypeProperty>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "AbdullahOcalan">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/SUMO.owl#Human"/>

<rdfs:comment>The Leader of the KurdistanWorkersParty.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "AbdusSalaamEbrahim">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/SUMO.owl#Human"/>

<rdfs:comment>The Leader of the PeopleAgainstGangsterismAndDrugs.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "AbimaelGuzman">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/SUMO.owl#Human"/>

<rdfs:comment>The Leader of the SenderoLuminoso.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "AbuNidalOrganization">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#ForeignTerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Abu Nidal organization</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>ANO</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Fatah Revolutionary Council</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Arab Revolutionary Brigades</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Black September</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Revolutionary Organization of Socialist Muslims</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Iraq" />

<rdfs:comment>The Abu Nidal organization is an 

        international terrorist organization led by Sabri al-Banna.  Split from 

        PLO in 1974.  Made up of various functional committees, including 

        political, military, and financial.</rdfs:comment>

<government:agentOperatesInArea rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#UnitedStates" />

<government:agentOperatesInArea rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#UnitedKingdomOfGreatBritainAndNorthernIreland" />

<government:agentOperatesInArea rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#France" />

<government:agentOperatesInArea rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Israel" />

<rdfs:comment>Activities:

        Has carried out terrorist attacks in 20 countries, killing or injuring 

        almost 900 persons.  Targets include the United States, the United 

        Kingdom, France, Israel, moderate Palestinians, the PLO, and various Arab 

        countries.  Major attacks included the Rome and Vienna airports in 

        December 1985, the Neve Shalom synagogue in Istanbul and the Pan Am flight 

        73 hijacking in Karachi in September 1986, and the City of Poros 

        day-excursion ship attack in Greece in July 1988.  Suspected of 

        assassinating PLO deputy chief Abu Iyad and PLO security chief Abu Hul in 

        Tunis in January 1991.  ANO assassinated a Jordanian diplomat in Lebanon 

        in January 1994 and has been linked to the killing of the PLO 

        representative there.  Has not attacked Western targets since the late 

        1980s.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength:

        A few hundred plus limited overseas support structure.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of Operation:

        Al-Banna relocated to Iraq in December 1998, where the group maintains a 

        presence.  Has an operational presence in Lebanon, including in several 

        Palestinian refugee camps.  Financial problems and internal 

        disorganization have reduced the group's activities and capabilities.  

        Authorities shut down the ANO's operations in Libya and Egypt in 1999.  

        Has demonstrated ability to operate over wide area, including the Middle 

        East, Asia, and Europe.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid:

        Has received considerable support, including safehaven, training, logistic 

        assistance, and financial aid from Iraq, Libya, and Syria (until 1987), in 

        addition to close support for selected operations.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "AbuSayyafGroup">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#ForeignTerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Abu Sayyaf Group</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>ASG</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Philippines" />

<government:agentOperatesInArea rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Malaysia" />

<rdfs:comment>The ASG is the smallest and most radical of 

        the Islamic separatist groups operating in the southern Philippines.  Some 

        ASG members have studied or worked in the Middle East and developed ties 

        to mjuahidin while fighting and training in Afghanistan.  The group split 

        from the Moro National Liberation Front in 1991 under the leadership of 

        Abdurajik Abubakar Janjalani, who was killed in a clash with Philippine 

        police on 18 December 1998.  Press reports place his younger brother, 

        Khadafi Janjalani, as the nominal leader of the group, which is composed 

        of several factions.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: Engages in bombings, 

assassinations, kidnappings, and extortion to promote an independent 

Islamic state in western Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago, areas in the 

southern Philippines heavily populated by Muslims.  Raided the town of 

Ipil in Mindanao in April 1995--the group's first large-scale action--and 

kidnapped more than 30 foreigners, including a US citizen, in 2000.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength: Believed to have about 200 core 

fighters, but more than 2,000 individuals motivated by the prospect of 

receiving ransom payments for foreign hostages allegedly joined the group 

in August.</rdfs:comment>

<membersCount>200</membersCount>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of Operation: The ASG 

primarily operates in the southern Philippines with members occasionally 

traveling to Manila, but the group expanded its operations to Malaysia 

this year when it abducted foreigners from two different resorts.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid: Probably receives support from 

Islamic extremists in the Middle East and South Asia.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "AhmadJabril">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/SUMO.owl#Human"/>

<rdfs:comment>The Leader of the PopularFrontForTheLiberationOfPalestineGeneralCommand.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "AlAqsaMartyrsBrigade">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade</rdfs:label>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "AlFaran">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Al Faran</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Pakistan" />

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "AlGamaaAlIslamiyya">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#ForeignTerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>IG</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Islamic Group</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Egypt" />

<government:agentOperatesInArea rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#UnitedKingdomOfGreatBritainAndNorthernIreland" />

<government:agentOperatesInArea rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Yemen" />

<government:agentOperatesInArea rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Sudan" />

<government:agentOperatesInArea rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Afghanistan" />

<government:agentOperatesInArea rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Austria" />

<rdfs:comment>Egypt's largest militant group, active 

since the late 1970s; appears to be loosely organized.  Has an external 

wing with a worldwide presence.  The group issued a cease-fire in March 

1999, but its spiritual leader, Shaykh Umar Abd al-Rahman, incarcerated in 

the United States, rescinded his support for the cease-fire in June 2000.  

The Gama'a has not conducted an attack inside Egypt since August 1998.  

Rifa'i Taha Musa-a hardline former senior member of the group-signed Usama 

Bin Ladin's February 1998 fatwa calling for attacks against US civilians.  

The IG since has publicly denied that it supports Bin Ladin and frequently 

differs with public statements made by Taha Musa.  Taha Musa has in the 

last year sought to push the group toward a return to armed operations, 

but the group, which still is led by Mustafa Hamza, has yet to break the 

unilaterally declared cease-fire.  In late 2000, Taha Musa appeared in an 

undated video with Bin Ladin and Ayman al-Zawahiri threatening retaliation 

against the United States for Abd al-Rahman's continued incarceration.  

The IG's primary goal is to overthrow the Egyptian Government and replace 

it with an Islamic state, but Taha Musa also may be interested in 

attacking US and Israeli interests.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: Group specialized in armed 

attacks against Egyptian security and other government officials, Coptic 

Christians, and Egyptian opponents of Islamic extremism before the 

cease-fire.  From 1993 until the cease-fire, al-Gama'a launched attacks on 

tourists in Egypt, most notably the attack in November 1997 at Luxor that 

killed 58 foreign tourists.  Also claimed responsibility for the attempt 

in June 1995 to assassinate Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak in Addis 

Ababa, Ethiopia.  The Gama'a has never specifically attacked a US citizen 

or facility but has threatened US interests.  </rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength: Unknown.  At its peak the IG 

probably commanded several thousand hard-core members and a like number of 

sympathizers.  The 1998 cease-fire and security crackdowns following the 

attack in Luxor in 1997 probably have resulted in a substantial decrease 

in the group's numbers.  </rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of Operation: Operates 

mainly in the Al-Minya, Asyu't, Qina, and Sohaj Governorates of southern 

Egypt.  Also appears to have support in Cairo, Alexandria, and other urban 

locations, particularly among unemployed graduates and students.  Has a 

worldwide presence, including Sudan, the United Kingdom, Afghanistan, 

Austria, and Yemen.  </rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid: Unknown.  The Egyptian 

Government believes that Iran, Bin Ladin, and Afghan militant groups 

support the organization.  Also may obtain some funding through various 

Islamic nongovernmental organizations.  </rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "AlJihad">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#ForeignTerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Al-Jihad</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Egyptian Islamic Jihad</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Jihad Group</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Islamic Jihad</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Egypt" />

<government:agentOperatesInArea rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Yemen" />

<government:agentOperatesInArea rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Afghanistan" />

<government:agentOperatesInArea rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Pakistan" />

<government:agentOperatesInArea rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Sudan" />

<government:agentOperatesInArea rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Lebanon" />

<government:agentOperatesInArea rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#UnitedKingdomOfGreatBritainAndNorthernIreland" />

<rdfs:comment>Egyptian Islamic extremist group active since the 

late 1970s.  Close partner of Bin Ladin's al-Qaida organization.  Suffered 

setbacks as a result of numerous arrests of operatives worldwide, most 

recently in Lebanon and Yemen.  Primary goals are to overthrow the 

Egyptian Government and replace it with an Islamic state and attack US and 

Israeli interests in Egypt and abroad.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: Specializes in armed attacks against 

high-level Egyptian Government personnel, including cabinet ministers, and 

car-bombings against official US and Egyptian facilities.  The original 

Jihad was responsible for the assassination in 1981 of Egyptian President 

Anwar Sadat.  Claimed responsibility for the attempted assassinations of 

Interior Minister Hassan al-Alfi in August 1993 and Prime Minister Atef 

Sedky in November 1993.  Has not conducted an attack inside Egypt since 

1993 and has never targeted foreign tourists there.  Responsible for 

Egyptian Embassy bombing in Islamabad in 1995; in 1998, planned attack 

against US Embassy in Albania was thwarted.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength:

Not known but probably has several hundred hard-core members.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of Operation: Operates in the Cairo 

area.  Has a network outside Egypt, including Yemen, Afghanistan, 

Pakistan, Sudan, Lebanon, and the United Kingdom.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid: Not known.  The Egyptian Government 

claims that both Iran and Bin Ladin support the Jihad.  Also may obtain 

some funding through various Islamic nongovernmental organizations, cover 

businesses, and criminal acts.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "AlQaida">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#ForeignTerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>al-Qaida</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>al-Qaeda</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Afghanistan" />

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Pakistan" />

<rdfs:comment>Established by Usama Bin Ladin in the late 1980s 

to bring together Arabs who fought in Afghanistan against the Soviet 

invasion.  Helped finance, recruit, transport, and train Sunni Islamic 

extremists for the Afghan resistance.  Current goal is to establish a 

pan-Islamic Caliphate throughout the world by working with allied Islamic 

extremist groups to overthrow regimes it deems 'non-Islamic' and expelling 

Westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries.  Issued statement under 

banner of 'the World Islamic Front for Jihad Against the Jews and 

Crusaders' in February 1998, saying it was the duty of all Muslims to kill 

US citizens--civilian or military--and their allies everywhere.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: Plotted to carry out terrorist 

operations against US and Israeli tourists visiting Jordan for millennial 

celebrations.  (Jordanian authorities thwarted the planned attacks and put 

28 suspects on trial.) Conducted the bombings in August 1998 of the US 

Embassies in Nairobi, Kenya, and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, that killed at 

least 301 persons and injured more than 5,000 others.  Claims to have shot 

down US helicopters and killed US servicemen in Somalia in 1993 and to 

have conducted three bombings that targeted US troops in Aden, Yemen, in 

December 1992.  Linked to the following plans that were not carried out: 

to assassinate Pope John Paul II during his visit to Manila in late 1994, 

simultaneous bombings of the US and Israeli Embassies in Manila and other 

Asian capitals in late 1994, the midair bombing of a dozen US 

trans-Pacific flights in 1995, and to kill President Clinton during a 

visit to the Philippines in early 1995.  Continues to train, finance, and 

provide logistic support to terrorist groups in support of these goals.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength: May have several hundred to several 

thousand members.  Also serves as a focal point or umbrella organization 

for a worldwide network that includes many Sunni Islamic extremist groups 

such as Egyptian Islamic Jihad, some members of al-Gama'at al-Islamiyya, 

the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, and the Harakat ul-Mujahidin.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of Operation: Al-Qaida has a 

worldwide reach, has cells in a number of countries, and is reinforced by 

its ties to Sunni extremist networks.  Bin Ladin and his key lieutenants 

reside in Afghanistan, and the group maintains terrorist training camps 

there.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid: Bin Ladin, son of a billionaire Saudi 

family, is said to have inherited approximately $300 million that he uses 

to finance the group.  Al-Qaida also maintains moneymaking front 

organizations, solicits donations from like-minded supporters, and 

illicitly siphons funds from donations to Muslim charitable organizations.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "AlexBoncayaoBrigade">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Alex Boncayao Brigade</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>ABB</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Philippines" />

<rdfs:comment>The ABB, the breakaway urban hit squad 

of the Communist Party of the Philippines New People's Army, was formed in 

the mid-1980s.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: Responsible for more than 

100 murders and believed to have been involved in the murder in 1989 of US 

Army Col.  James Rowe in the Philippines.  In March 1997 the group 

announced it had formed an alliance with another armed group, the 

Revolutionary Proletarian Army.  In March 2000, the group claimed credit 

for a rifle grenade attack against the Department of Energy building in 

Manila and strafed Shell Oil offices in the central Philippines to protest 

rising oil prices.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength:

Approximately 500.</rdfs:comment>

<membersCount>500</membersCount>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of Operation:

Operates in Manila and central Philippines.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid:

Unknown.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "AlgetiWolves">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Algeti Wolves</rdfs:label>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "Amal">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Amal</rdfs:label>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "AntiterrorismAndEffectiveDeathPenaltyAct">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/SUMO.owl#Proposition"/>

<sumo:modalAttribute rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/SUMO.owl#Law" />

<rdfs:comment>Antiterrorism and Effective 

        Death Penalty Act modifies the Immigration and Nationality Act

        was enacted in 1996 and specifies that: 

        (1) It is unlawful to provide funds or other material support to a 

        designated FTO.  

        (2) Representatives and certain members of a designated FTO can be denied 

        visas or excluded from the United States.  

        (3) US financial institutions must block funds of designated FTOs and their 

        agents and must report the blockage to the US Department of the Treasury.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "ArmataCorsa">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Armata Corsa</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#France" />

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "ArmedIslamicGroup">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#ForeignTerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Armed Islamic Group</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>GIA</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Algeria" />

<rdfs:comment>An Islamic extremist group, the GIA aims 

        to overthrow the secular Algerian regime and replace it with an Islamic 

        state.  The GIA began its violent activities in 1992 after Algiers voided 

        the victory of the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS)--the largest Islamic 

        opposition party--in the first round of legislative elections in December 

        1991.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: Frequent attacks against 

civilians and government workers.  Between 1992 and 1998 the GIA conducted 

a terrorist campaign of civilian massacres, sometimes wiping out entire 

villages in its area of operation.  Since announcing its campaign against 

foreigners living in Algeria in 1993, the GIA has killed more than 100 

expatriate men and women--mostly Europeans--in the country.  The group 

uses assassinations and bombings, including car bombs, and it is known to 

favor kidnapping victims and slitting their throats.  The GIA hijacked an 

Air France flight to Algiers in December 1994.  In late 1999 several GIA 

members were convicted by a French court for conducting a series of 

bombings in France in 1995.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>The Salafi Group for Call and Combat 

(GSPC) splinter faction appears to have eclipsed the GIA since 

approximately 1998 and is currently assessed to be the most effective 

remaining armed group inside Algeria.  Both the GIA and GSPC leadership 

continue to proclaim their rejection of President Bouteflika's amnesty, 

but in contrast to the GIA, the GSPC has stated that it limits attacks on 

civilians.  The GSPC's planned attack against the Paris-Dakar Road Rally 

in January 2000 demonstrates, however, that the group has not entirely 

renounced attacks against high-profile civilian targets.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength:

Unkown; probably several hundred to several thousand.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of Operation:

Algeria.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid: Algerian expatriates and 

GSPC members abroad, many of whom reside in Western Europe, provide 

financial and logistic support.  In addition, the Algerian Government has 

accused Iran and Sudan of supporting Algerian extremists.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "ArmyForTheLiberationOfRwanda">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Army for the Liberation of Rwanda</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>ALIR</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Interahamwe</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Former Armed Forces</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>ex-FAR</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#DemocraticRepublicOfTheCongo" />

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Rwanda" />

<government:agentOperatesInArea rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Burundi" />

<rdfs:comment>The FAR was the army of the 

Rwandan Hutu regime that carried out the genocide of 500,000 or more 

Tutsis and regime opponents in 1994.  The Interahamwe was the civilian 

militia force that carried out much of the killing.  The groups merged 

after they were forced from Rwanda into the Democratic Republic of the 

Congo (then-Zaire) in 1994.  They are now often known as the Army for the 

Liberation of Rwanda (ALIR), which is the armed branch of the PALIR or 

Party for the Liberation of Rwanda.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: The group seeks to 

topple Rwanda's Tutsi-dominated government, reinstitute Hutu control, and, 

possibly, complete the genocide.  In 1996, a message--allegedly from the 

ALIR--threatened to kill the US Ambassador to Rwanda and other US 

citizens.  In 1999, ALIR guerrillas critical of alleged US-UK support for 

the Rwandan regime kidnapped and killed eight foreign tourists, including 

two US citizens, in a game park on the Congo-Uganda border.  In the 

current Congolese war, the ALIR is allied with Kinshasa against the 

Rwandan invaders.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength: Several thousand 

ALIR regular forces operate alongside the Congolese Army on the front 

lines of the Congo civil war, while a like number of ALIR guerrillas 

operate behind Rwanda lines in eastern Congo closer to the Rwandan border 

and sometimes within Rwanda.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of Operation: 

Mostly Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda, but a few may operate 

in Burundi.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Support From the 

Rwandan invasion of 1998 until his death in early 2001, the Laurent Kabila 

regime in the Democratic Republic of the Congo provided the ALIR with 

training, arms, and supplies.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "AumSupremeTruth">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#ForeignTerroristOrganization"/>

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/SUMO.owl#ReligiousOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Aum Supreme Truth</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Aum</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Aum Shinrikyo</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Aleph</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Japan" />

<government:agentOperatesInArea rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Russia" />

<rdfs:comment>A cult established in 1987 by Shoko 

        Asahara, the Aum aimed to take over Japan, then the world.  Approved as a 

        religious entity in 1989 under Japanese law, the group ran candidates in a 

        Japanese parliamentary election in 1990.  Over time the cult began to 

        emphasize the imminence of the end of the world and stated that the United 

        States would initiate Armageddon by starting World War III with Japan.  

        The Japanese Government revoked its recognition of the Aum as a religious 

        organization in October 1995, but in 1997 a government panel decided not 

        to invoke the Anti-Subversive Law against the group, which would have 

        outlawed the cult.  In 2000, Fumihiro Joyu took control of the Aum 

        following his three-year jail sentence for perjury.  Joyu was previously 

        the group's spokesman and Russia Branch leader.  Under Joyu's leadership 

        the Aum changed its name to Aleph and claims to have rejected the violent 

        and apocalyptic teachings of its founder.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: On 20 March 1995, Aum members 

simultaneously released the chemical nerve agent sarin on several Tokyo 

subway trains, killing 12 persons and injuring up to 6,000.  (Recent 

studies put the number of persons who suffered actual physical injuries 

closer to 1,300, with the rest suffering from some form of psychological 

trauma.) The group was responsible for other mysterious chemical accidents 

in Japan in 1994.  Its efforts to conduct attacks using biological agents 

have been unsuccessful.  Japanese police arrested Asahara in May 1995, and 

he remained on trial, facing 17 counts of murder at the end of 2000.  

Since 1997 the cult continued to recruit new members, engage in commercial 

enterprise, and acquire property, although the cult scaled back these 

activities significantly in 2000 in response to public outcry.  The cult 

maintains an Internet homepage.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength: The Aum's current membership is 

estimated at 1,500 to 2,000 persons.  At the time of the Tokyo subway 

attack, the group claimed to have 9,000 members in Japan and up to 40,000 

worldwide.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of Operation: The Aum's 

principal membership is located only in Japan, but a residual branch 

comprising an unknown number of followers has surfaced in Russia.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid:

None.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "BasqueFatherlandAndLiberty">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#ForeignTerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Basque Fatherland and Liberty</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>ETA</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Euzkadi Ta Askatasuna</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Spain" />

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#France" />

<rdfs:comment>Founded in 1959 with the aim of 

establishing an independent homeland based on Marxist principles in the 

northern Spanish provinces of Vizcaya, Guipuzcoa, Alava, and Navarra and 

the southwestern French departments of Labourd, Basse-Navarra, and Soule.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: Primarily bombings 

and assassinations of Spanish Government officials, especially security 

and military forces, politicians, and judicial figures.  ETA finances its 

activities through kidnappings, robberies, and extortion.  The group has 

killed more than 800 persons since it began lethal attacks in the early 

1960s.  In November 1999, ETA broke its 'unilateral and indefinite' 

cease-fire and began an assassination and bombing campaign that killed 23 

individuals and wounded scores more by the end of 2000.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength:

Unknown; may have hundreds of members, plus supporters.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of Operation: 

Operates primarily in the Basque autonomous regions of northern Spain and 

southwestern France, but also has bombed Spanish and French interests 

elsewhere.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid: Has received 

training at various times in the past in Libya, Lebanon, and Nicaragua.  

Some ETA members allegedly have received sanctuary in Cuba while others 

reside in South America.  Also appears to have ties to the Irish 

Republican Army through the two groups' legal political wings.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "BavarianLiberationArmy">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Bavarian Liberation Army</rdfs:label>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "BinyaminKahane">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/SUMO.owl#Human"/>

<rdfs:comment>The Leader of the KachAndKahaneChai.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "BretonRevolutionaryArmy">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Breton Revolutionary Army</rdfs:label>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "CarlosCastano">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/SUMO.owl#Human"/>

<rdfs:label>Carlos Castaņo</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:comment>The Leader of the UnitedSelfDefenseForcesGroupOfColombia.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "CharlesTaylor">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/SUMO.owl#Human"/>

<rdfs:comment>The Leader of the RevolutionaryUnitedFront.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "ChechenRebelResistence">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Chechen Rebel Resistence</rdfs:label>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "ChukakuHa">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Chukaku-Ha</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Nucleus</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Middle Core Faction</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Japan" />

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "ContinuityIrishRepublicanArmy">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Continuity Irish Republican Army</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>CIRA</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Continuity Army Council</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Ireland" />

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Government.owl#NorthernIreland" />

<rdfs:comment>Radical terrorist splinter 

group formed in 1994 as the clandestine armed wing of Republican Sinn Fein 

(RSF), a political organization dedicated to the reunification of Ireland 

and to forcing British troops from Northern Ireland.  RSF formed after the 

Irish Republican Army announced a cease-fire in September 1994.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: Bombings, 

assassinations, extortion, and robberies.  Targets include British 

military and Northern Ireland security targets and Northern Ireland 

Loyalist paramilitary groups.  Also has launched bomb attacks against 

civilian targets in Northern Ireland.  Does not have an established 

presence or capability to launch attacks on the UK mainland.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength:

Fewer than 50 hard-core activists.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of Operation: 

Northern Ireland, Irish Republic.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid: Suspected of 

receiving funds and arms from sympathizers in the United States.  May have 

acquired arms and materiel from the Balkans in cooperation with the Real 

IRA.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "DemocraticFrontForTheLiberationOfPalestine">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>DFLP</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Palestine" />

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "DjiboutiYouthMovement">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Djibouti Youth Movement</rdfs:label>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "DukhtaranEMillat">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Dukhtaran-E-Millat</rdfs:label>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "EjercitoPopularDeLiberation">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Ejercito Popular de Liberation</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>EPL</rdfs:label>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "FarabundoMartiNationalLiberationFront">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>FMLN</rdfs:label>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "FarooqKashmiri">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/SUMO.owl#Human"/>

<rdfs:comment>The Leader of the HarakatUlMujahidin.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "Fatah">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Fatah</rdfs:label>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "FatahTanzim">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Fatah Tanzim</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Palestine" />

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "FirstOfOctoberAntifascistResistanceGroup">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>First of October Antifascist Resistance Group</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>GRAPO</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Grupo de Resistencia Anti-Fascista Premero de Octubre</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Spain" />

<rdfs:comment>Formed in 1975 as 

the armed wing of the illegal Communist Party of Spain of the Franco era.  

Advocating the overthrow of the Spanish Government and replacement with a 

Marxist-Leninist regime, GRAPO is vehemently anti-US, calls for the 

removal of all US military forces from Spanish territory, and has 

conducted and attempted several attacks against US targets since 1977.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: GRAPO 

has killed more than 80 persons and injured more than 200.  The group's 

operations customarily have been designed to cause material damage and 

gain publicity rather than inflict casualties, but the terrorists have 

conducted lethal bombings and close-range assassinations.  In November 

2000, GRAPO operatives shot to death a Spanish policeman in reprisal for 

the arrest that month in France of several group leaders, while in May, 

GRAPO operatives murdered two guards during a botched robbery against an 

armored security van.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength: Unknown 

but likely fewer than a dozen hard-core activists.  Numerous GRAPO members 

also currently are in Spanish prisons.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of 

Operation Spain.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid:

None.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "Force17">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Force 17</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Palestine" />

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "FumihiroJoyu">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/SUMO.owl#Human"/>

<rdfs:comment>The Leader of the AumSupremeTruth.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "FusakoShigenobu">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/SUMO.owl#Human"/>

<rdfs:comment>The Leader of the JapaneseRedArmy.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "HAMAS">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#ForeignTerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Islamic Resistance Movement</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>HAMAS</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Palestine" />

<rdfs:comment>Formed in late 1987 as an outgrowth of the 

Palestinian branch of the Muslim Brotherhood.  Various HAMAS elements have 

used both political and violent means, including terrorism, to pursue the 

goal of establishing an Islamic Palestinian state in place of Israel.  

Loosely structured, with some elements working clandestinely and others 

working openly through mosques and social service institutions to recruit 

members, raise money, organize activities, and distribute propaganda.  

HAMAS's strength is concentrated in the Gaza Strip and a few areas of the 

West Bank.  Also has engaged in peaceful political activity, such as 

running candidates in West Bank Chamber of Commerce elections.  </rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: HAMAS activists, especially those in the 

Izz el-Din al-Qassam Brigades, have conducted many attacks--including 

large-scale suicide bombings--against Israeli civilian and military 

targets.  In the early 1990s, they also targeted suspected Palestinian 

collaborators and Fatah rivals.  Claimed several attacks during the unrest 

in late 2000.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength: Unknown number of hard-core members; tens 

of thousands of supporters and sympathizers.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of Operation: Primarily the occupied 

territories, Israel.  In August 1999, Jordanian authorities closed the 

group's Political Bureau offices in Amman, arrested its leaders, and 

prohibited the group from operating on Jordanian territory.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid: Receives funding from Palestinian 

expatriates, Iran, and private benefactors in Saudi Arabia and other 

moderate Arab states.  Some fundraising and propaganda activities take 

place in Western Europe and North America.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "HafizMohammedSaeed">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/SUMO.owl#Human"/>

<rdfs:comment>The Leader of the LashkarETayyiba.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "HarakatUlMujahidin">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#ForeignTerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Harakat ul-Mujahidin</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>HUM</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Pakistan" />

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Afghanistan" />

<rdfs:comment>Formerly known as the Harakat al-Ansar, 

the HUM is an Islamic militant group based in Pakistan that operates 

primarily in Kashmir.  Long-time leader of the group, Fazlur Rehman 

Khalil, in mid-February stepped down as HUM emir, turning the reins over 

to the popular Kashmiri commander and his second-in-command, Farooq 

Kashmiri.  Khalil, who has been linked to Bin Ladin and signed his fatwa 

in February 1998 calling for attacks on US and Western interests, assumed 

the position of HUM Secretary General.  Continued to operate terrorist 

training camps in eastern Afghanistan.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: Has conducted a number of 

operations against Indian troops and civilian targets in Kashmir.  Linked 

to the Kashmiri militant group al-Faran that kidnapped five Western 

tourists in Kashmir in July 1995; one was killed in August 1995 and the 

other four reportedly were killed in December of the same year.  The new 

millennium brought significant developments for Pakistani militant groups, 

particularly the HUM.  Most of these sprang from the hijacking of an 

Indian airliner on 24 December by militants believed to be associated with 

the HUM.  The hijackers negotiated the release of Masood Azhar, an 

important leader in the former Harakat ul-Ansar imprisoned by the Indians 

in 1994.  Azhar did not, however, return to the HUM, choosing instead to 

form the Jaish-e-Mohammed (JEM), a rival militant group expressing a more 

radical line than the HUM.  </rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength: Has several thousand armed 

supporters located in Azad Kashmir, Pakistan, and India's southern Kashmir 

and Doda regions.  Supporters are mostly Pakistanis and Kashmiris and also 

include Afghans and Arab veterans of the Afghan war.  Uses light and heavy 

machineguns, assault rifles, mortars, explosives, and rockets.  HUM lost 

some of its membership in defections to the JEM.  </rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of Operation: Based in 

Muzaffarabad, Rawalpindi, and several other towns in Pakistan and 

Afghanistan, but members conduct insurgent and terrorist activities 

primarily in Kashmir.  The HUM trains its militants in Afghanistan and 

Pakistan.  </rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid: Collects donations from 

Saudi Arabia and other Gulf and Islamic states and from Pakistanis and 

Kashmiris.  The sources and amount of HUM's military funding are unknown.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "HizbUlMujehideen">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Hizb-ul Mujehideen</rdfs:label>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "Hizballah">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#ForeignTerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Hizballah</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Party of God</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Islamic Jihad</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Revolutionary Justice Organization</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Organization of the Oppressed on Earth</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Islamic Jihad for the Liberation of Palestine</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Lebanon" />

<government:agentOperatesInArea rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Europe" />

<government:agentOperatesInArea rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Africa" />

<government:agentOperatesInArea rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#SouthAmerica" />

<government:agentOperatesInArea rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#NorthAmerica" />

<government:agentOperatesInArea rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Asia" />

<rdfs:comment>Radical Shia group formed in Lebanon; dedicated 

to increasing its political power in Lebanon and opposing Israel and the 

Middle East peace negotiations.  Strongly anti-West and anti-Israel.  

Closely allied with, and often directed by, Iran but may have conducted 

operations that were not approved by Tehran.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: Known or suspected to have been 

involved in numerous anti-US terrorist attacks, including the suicide 

truck bombing of the US Embassy and US Marine barracks in Beirut in 

October 1983 and the US Embassy annex in Beirut in September 1984.  

Elements of the group were responsible for the kidnapping and detention of 

US and other Western hostages in Lebanon.  The group also attacked the 

Israeli Embassy in Argentina in 1992 and is a suspect in the 1994 bombing 

of the Israeli cultural center in Buenos Aires.  In fall 2000, it captured 

three Israeli soldiers in the Shabaa Farms and kidnapped an Israeli 

noncombatant whom it may have lured to Lebanon under false pretenses.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength: Several thousand supporters and a few 

hundred terrrorist operatives.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of Operation: Operates in the Bekaa 

Valley, the southern suburbs of Beirut, and southern Lebanon.  Has 

established cells in Europe, Africa, South America, North America, and 

Asia.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid: Receives substantial amounts of 

financial, training, weapons, explosives, political, diplomatic, and 

organizational aid from Iran and Syria.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "ImmigrationAndNationalityAct-Section219">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/SUMO.owl#Proposition"/>

<sumo:modalAttribute rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/SUMO.owl#Law" />

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "ImmigrationAndNationalityAct-US">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/SUMO.owl#Proposition"/>

<sumo:modalAttribute rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/SUMO.owl#Law" />

<sumo:subsumesContentInstance rdf:resource = "#ImmigrationAndNationalityAct-Section219" />

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "InternationalJusticeGroup">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>International Justice Group</rdfs:label>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "IrishRepublicanArmy">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Irish Republican Army</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>IRA</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Provisional Irish Republican Army</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>PIRA</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Provos</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Government.owl#NorthernIreland" />

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Ireland" />

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#UnitedKingdomOfGreatBritainAndNorthernIreland" />

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Europe" />

<rdfs:comment>Terrorist group formed in 1969 as 

clandestine armed wing of Sinn Fein, a legal political movement dedicated 

to removing British forces from Northern Ireland and unifying Ireland.  

Has a Marxist orientation.  Organized into small, tightly knit cells under 

the leadership of the Army Council.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: Bombings, assassinations, 

kidnappings, punishment beatings, extortion, smuggling, and robberies.  

Targets have included senior British Government officials, British 

military and police in Northern Ireland, and Northern Ireland Loyalist 

paramilitary groups.  Bombing campaigns have been conducted against train 

and subway stations and shopping areas on mainland Britain, as well as 

against British and Royal Ulster Constabulary targets in Northern Ireland, 

and a British military facility on the European Continent.  The IRA has 

been observing a cease-fire since July 1997 and previously observed a 

cease-fire from 1 September 1994 to February 1996.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength: Largely unchanged--several 

hundred members, plus several thousand sympathizers--despite the defection 

of some members to the dissident splinter groups.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Local/Area of Operation

Northern Ireland, Irish Republic, Great Britain, Europe.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid: Has in the past received 

aid from a variety of groups and countries and considerable training and 

arms from Libya and the PLO.  Is suspected of receiving funds, arms, and 

other terrorist-related materiel from sympathizers in the United States.  

Similarities in operations suggest links to the ETA.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "IslamicMovementForChange">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Islamic Movement for Change</rdfs:label>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "IslamicMovementOfUzbekistan">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#ForeignTerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>IMU</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Afghanistan" />

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Tajikistan" />

<government:agentOperatesInArea rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Uzbekistan" />

<government:agentOperatesInArea rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Kyrgyzstan" />

<rdfs:comment>Coalition of Islamic militants 

from Uzbekistan and other Central Asian states opposed to Uzbekistani 

President Islom Karimov's secular regime.  Goal is the establishment of an 

Islamic state in Uzbekistan.  The group's propaganda also includes 

anti-Western and anti-Israeli rhetoric.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: Believed to be 

responsible for five car bombs in Tashkent in February 1999.  Took 

hostages on several occasions in 1999 and 2000, including four US citizens 

who were mountain climbing in August 2000, and four Japanese geologists 

and eight Kyrgyzstani soldiers in August 1999.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength: Militants probably 

number in the thousands.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of Operation: 

Militants are based in Afghanistan and Tajikistan.  Area of operations 

includes Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Afghanistan.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid: Support from 

other Islamic extremist groups in Central and South Asia.  IMU leadership 

broadcasts statements over Iranian radio.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "JaishEMohammed">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Jaish-e-Mohammed</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>JEM</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Army of Mohammed</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Pakistan" />

<government:agentOperatesInArea rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Afghanistan" />

<rdfs:comment>The Jaish-e-Mohammed (JEM) is an Islamist 

group based in Pakistan that has rapidly expanded in size and capability 

since Maulana Masood Azhar, a former ultrafundamentalist Harakat ul-Ansar 

(HUA) leader, announced its formation in February.  The group's aim is to 

unite Kashmir with Pakistan.  It is politically aligned with the radical, 

pro-Taliban, political party, Jamiat-i Ulema-i Islam (JUI-F).</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: The JEM's leader, Masood Azhar, 

was released from Indian imprisonment in December 1999 in exchange for 155 

hijacked Indian Airlines hostages in Afghanistan.  The 1994 HUA 

kidnappings of US and British nationals in New Delhi and the July 1995 

HUA/Al Faran kidnappings of Westerners in Kashmir were two of several 

previous HUA efforts to free Azhar.  Azhar organized large rallies and 

recruitment drives across Pakistan throughout 2000.  In July, a JEM 

rocket-grenade attack failed to injure the Chief Minister at his office in 

Srinagar, India, but wounded four other persons.  In December, JEM 

militants launched grenade attacks at a bus stop in Kupwara, India, 

injuring 24 persons, and at a marketplace in Chadoura, India, injuring 16 

persons.  JEM militants also planted two bombs that killed 21 persons in 

Qamarwari and Srinagar.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength: Has several hundred armed 

supporters located in Azad Kashmir, Pakistan, and in India's southern 

Kashmir and Doda regions.  Following Maulana Masood Azhar's release from 

detention in India, a reported three quarters of Harakat ul-Mujahedin 

(HUM) members defected to the new organization, which has managed to 

attract a large number of urban Kashmiri youth.  Supporters are mostly 

Pakistanis and Kashmiris and also include Afghans and Arab veterans of the 

Afghan war.  Uses light and heavy machineguns, assault rifles, mortars, 

improvised explosive devices, and rocket grenades.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of Operation: Based in 

Peshawar and Muzaffarabad, but members conduct terrorist activities 

primarily in Kashmir.  The JEM maintains training camps in Afghanistan.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid: Most of the JEM's cadre and 

material resources have been drawn from the militant groups Harakat 

ul-Jihad al-Islami (HUJI) and the Harakat ul-Mujahedin (HUM).  The JEM has 

close ties to Afghan Arabs and the Taliban.  Usama Bin Ladin is suspected 

of giving funding to the JEM.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "JammuAndKashmir">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Jammu and Kashmir</rdfs:label>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "JapaneseRedArmy">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#ForeignTerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Japanese Red Army</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>JRA</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Anti-Imperialist International Brigade</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>AIIB</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Asia" />

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Lebanon" />

<rdfs:comment>An international terrorist group formed 

around 1970 after breaking away from Japanese Communist League-Red Army 

Faction.  The JRA was led by Fusako Shigenobu until her arrest in Japan in 

November 2000.  The JRA's historical goal has been to overthrow the 

Japanese Government and monarchy and to help foment world revolution.  

After her arrest Shigenobu announced she intended to pursue her goals 

using a legitimate political party rather than revolutionary violence.  

May control or at least have ties to Anti-Imperialist International 

Brigade (AIIB); also may have links to Antiwar Democratic Front--an overt 

leftist political organization--inside Japan.  Details released following 

Shigenobu's arrest indicate that the JRA was organizing cells in Asian 

cities, such as Manila and Singapore.  Has history of close relations with 

Palestinian terrorist groups--based and operating outside Japan--since its 

inception, primarily through Shigenobu.  The current status of these 

connections is unknown.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: During the 1970s, the JRA 

carried out a series of attacks around the world, including the massacre 

in 1972 at Lod Airport in Israel, two Japanese airliner hijackings, and an 

attempted takeover of the US Embassy in Kuala Lumpur.  In April 1988, JRA 

operative Yu Kikumura was arrested with explosives on the New Jersey 

Turnpike, apparently planning an attack to coincide with the bombing of a 

USO club in Naples, a suspected JRA operation that killed five, including 

a US servicewoman.  He was convicted of the charges and is serving a 

lengthy prison sentence in the United States.  Tsutomu Shirosaki, captured 

in 1996, is also jailed in the United States.  In 2000, Lebanon deported 

to Japan four members it arrested in 1997, but granted a fifth operative, 

Kozo Okamoto, political asylum.  Longtime leader Shigenobu was arrested in 

November 2000 and faces charges of terrorism and passport fraud.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength:

About six hard-core members; undetermined number of sympathizers.</rdfs:comment>

<membersCount>6</membersCount>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of Operation:s Location 

unknown, but possibly traveling in Asia or Syrian-controlled areas of 

Lebanon.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid:

Unknown.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "KachAndKahaneChai">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#ForeignTerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Kach and Kahane Chai</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Israel" />

<rdfs:comment>Stated goal is to restore the biblical 

state of Israel.  Kach (founded by radical Israeli-American rabbi Meir 

Kahane) and its offshoot Kahane Chai, which means 'Kahane Lives' (founded 

by Meir Kahane's son Binyamin following his father's assassination in the 

United States), were declared to be terrorist organizations in March 1994 

by the Israeli Cabinet under the 1948 Terrorism Law.  This followed the 

groups' statements in support of Dr.  Baruch Goldstein's attack in 

February 1994 on the al-Ibrahimi Mosque--Goldstein was affiliated with 

Kach--and their verbal attacks on the Israeli Government.  Palestinian 

gunmen killed Binyamin Kahane and his wife in a drive-by shooting on 31 

December in the West Bank.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: Organize protests against the 

Israeli Government.  Harass and threaten Palestinians in Hebron and the 

West Bank.  Have threatened to attack Arabs, Palestinians, and Israeli 

Government officials.  Have vowed revenge for the death of Binyamin Kahane 

and his wife.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength:

Unknown.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of Operation:

Israel and West Bank settlements, particularly Qiryat Arba' in Hebron.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid:

Receives support from sympathizers in the United States and Europe.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "KhadafiJanjalani">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/SUMO.owl#Human"/>

<rdfs:comment>The Leader of the AbuSayyafGroup.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "KhmerRouge">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Party of Democratic Kampuchea</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Khmer Rouge</rdfs:label>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "KurdistanWorkersParty">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#ForeignTerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Kurdistan Workers' Party</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>PKK</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Turkey" />

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Europe" />

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#MiddleEastRegion" />

<rdfs:comment>Founded in 1974 as a 

Marxist-Leninist insurgent group primarily composed of Turkish Kurds.  The 

group's goal has been to establish an independent Kurdish state in 

southeastern Turkey, where the population is predominantly Kurdish.  In 

the early 1990s, the PKK moved beyond rural-based insurgent activities to 

include urban terrorism.  Turkish authorities captured Chairman Abdullah 

Ocalan in Kenya in early 1999; the Turkish State Security Court 

subsequently sentenced him to death.  In August 1999, Ocalan announced a 

'peace initiative,' ordering members to refrain from violence and withdraw 

from Turkey and requesting dialogue with Ankara on Kurdish issues.  At a 

PKK Congress in January 2000, members supported Ocalan's initiative and 

claimed the group now would use only political means to achieve its new 

goal, improved rights for Kurds in Turkey.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: Primary targets have been 

Turkish Government security forces in Turkey.  Conducted attacks on 

Turkish diplomatic and commercial facilities in dozens of West European 

cities in 1993 and again in spring 1995.  In an attempt to damage Turkey's 

tourist industry, the PKK bombed tourist sites and hotels and kidnapped 

foreign tourists in the early-to-mid-1990s.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength: Approximately 4,000 to 

5,000, most of whom currently are located in northern Iraq.  Has thousands 

of sympathizers in Turkey and Europe.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of Operation:

Operates in Turkey, Europe, and the Middle East.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid: Has received safehaven 

and modest aid from Syria, Iraq, and Iran.  The Syrian Government expelled 

PKK leader Ocalan and known elements of the group from its territory in 

October 1998. </rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "LashkarETayyiba">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Lashkar-e-Tayyiba</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>LT</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Army of the Righteous</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Pakistan" />

<government:agentOperatesInArea rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Afghanistan" />

<rdfs:comment>The LT is the armed wing of the 

Pakistan-based religious organization, Markaz-ud-Dawa-wal-Irshad (MDI)--a 

Sunni anti-US missionary organization formed in 1989.  One of the three 

largest and best-trained groups fighting in Kashmir against India, it is 

not connected to a political party.  The LT leader is MDI chief, Professor 

Hafiz Mohammed Saeed.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: Has conducted a number of 

operations against Indian troops and civilian targets in Kashmir since 

1993.  The LT is suspected of eight separate attacks in August that killed 

nearly 100, mostly Hindu Indians.  LT militants are suspected of 

kidnapping six persons in Akhala, India, in November 2000 and killing five 

of them.  The group also operates a chain of religious schools in the 

Punjab.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength: Has several hundred members in 

Azad Kashmir, Pakistan, and in India's southern Kashmir and Doda regions.  

Almost all LT cadres are foreigners--mostly Pakistanis from seminaries 

across the country and Afghan veterans of the Afghan wars.  Uses assault 

rifles, light and heavy machineguns, mortars, explosives, and rocket 

propelled grenades.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of Operation: Based in 

Muridke (near Lahore) and Muzaffarabad.  The LT trains its militants in 

mobile training camps across Pakistan-administered Kashmir and 

Afghanistan.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid: Collects donations from the 

Pakistani community in the Persian Gulf and United Kingdom, Islamic NGOs, 

and Pakistani and Kashmiri businessmen.  The amount of LT funding is 

unknown.  The LT maintains ties to religious/military groups around the 

world, ranging from the Philippines to the Middle East and Chechnya 

through the MDI fraternal network.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "LiberationTigersOfTamilEelam">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#ForeignTerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>LTTE</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>World Tamil Association</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>WTA</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>World Tamil Movement</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>WTM</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Federation of Associations of Canadian Tamils</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>FACT</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Ellalan Force</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Sangilian Force</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#SriLanka" />

<rdfs:comment>Founded in 1976, the LTTE is 

the most powerful Tamil group in Sri Lanka and uses overt and illegal 

methods to raise funds, acquire weapons, and publicize its cause of 

establishing an independent Tamil state.  The LTTE began its armed 

conflict with the Sri Lankan Government in 1983 and relies on a guerrilla 

strategy that includes the use of terrorist tactics.  </rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: The Tigers have 

integrated a battlefield insurgent strategy with a terrorist program that 

targets not only key personnel in the countryside but also senior Sri 

Lankan political and military leaders in Colombo and other urban centers.  

The Tigers are most notorious for their cadre of suicide bombers, the 

Black Tigers.  Political assassinations and bombings are commonplace.  The 

LTTE has refrained from targeting foreign diplomatic and commercial 

establishments.  </rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength: Exact strength is 

unknown, but the LTTE is estimated to have 8,000 to 10,000 armed 

combatants in Sri Lanka, with a core of trained fighters of approximately 

3,000 to 6,000.  The LTTE also has a significant overseas support 

structure for fundraising, weapons procurement, and propaganda activities.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of Operation:s 

The Tigers control most of the northern and eastern coastal areas of Sri 

Lanka but have conducted operations throughout the island.  Headquartered 

in northern Sri Lanka, LTTE leader Velupillai Prabhakaran has established 

an extensive network of checkpoints and informants to keep track of any 

outsiders who enter the group's area of control.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid: The LTTE's overt 

organizations support Tamil separatism by lobbying foreign governments and 

the United Nations.  The LTTE also uses its international contacts to 

procure weapons, communications, and any other equipment and supplies it 

needs.  The LTTE exploits large Tamil communities in North America, 

Europe, and Asia to obtain funds and supplies for its fighters in Sri 

Lanka.  Information obtained since the mid-1980s indicates that some Tamil 

communities in Europe are also involved in narcotics smuggling.  Tamils 

historically have served as drug couriers moving narcotics into Europe.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "LoyalistVolunteerForce">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Loyalist Volunteer Force</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>LVF</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Government.owl#NorthernIreland" />

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Ireland" />

<rdfs:comment>Terrorist group formed in 1996 as a 

faction of the mainstream loyalist Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) but did 

not emerge publicly until February 1997.  Composed largely of UVF 

hardliners who have sought to prevent a political settlement with Irish 

nationalists in Northern Ireland by attacking Catholic politicians, 

civilians, and Protestant politicians who endorse the Northern Ireland 

peace process.  Has been observing a cease-fire since 15 May 1998.  The 

LVF decommissioned a small but significant amount of weapons in December 

1998, but it has not repeated this gesture and in fact threatened in 2000 

to resume killing Catholics.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: Bombings, kidnappings, 

and close-quarter shooting attacks.  LVF bombs often have contained 

Powergel commercial explosives, typical of many loyalist groups.  LVF 

attacks have been particularly vicious: the group has murdered numerous 

Catholic civilians with no political or terrorist affiliations, including 

an 18-year-old Catholic girl in July 1997 because she had a Protestant 

boyfriend.  The terrorists also have conducted successful attacks against 

Irish targets in Irish border towns.  In 2000, the LVF also engaged in a 

brief but violent feud with other loyalists in which several individuals 

were killed.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength:

Approximately 150 activists.</rdfs:comment>

<membersCount>150</membersCount>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of Operation:

Northern Ireland, Ireland.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid:

None.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "ManuelMarulanda">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/SUMO.owl#Human"/>

<rdfs:comment>The Leader of the RevolutionaryArmedForcesOfColombia.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "ManuelRodriquezPatrioticFront">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Manuel Rodriquez Patriotic Front</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>FPMR</rdfs:label>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "MaulanaMasoodAzhar">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/SUMO.owl#Human"/>

<rdfs:comment>The Leader of the JaishEMohammed.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "MickeyMcKevitt">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/SUMO.owl#Human"/>

<rdfs:comment>The Leader of the RealIRA.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "MoranzanistPatrioticFront">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Moranzanist Patriotic Front</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>FPM</rdfs:label>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "MuhammadAbbas">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/SUMO.owl#Human"/>

<rdfs:label>Muhammad Abbas</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Abu Abbas</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:comment>The Leader of the PalestineLiberationFront.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "MujahedinEKhalqOrganization">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#ForeignTerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Mujahedin-e Khalq Organization</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>MKO</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>MEK</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>The National Liberation Army of Iran</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>NLA</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>People's Mujahidin of Iran</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>PMOI</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>National Council of Resistance</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>NCR</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Muslim Iranian Student's Society</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Iraq" />

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Iran" />

<rdfs:comment>Formed in the 1960s by the 

college-educated children of Iranian merchants, the MEK sought to counter 

what it perceived as excessive Western influence in the Shah's regime.  

Following a philosophy that mixes Marxism and Islam, has developed into 

the largest and most active armed Iranian dissident group.  Its history is 

studded with anti-Western activity, and, most recently, attacks on the 

interests of the clerical regime in Iran and abroad.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: Worldwide campaign 

against the Iranian Government stresses propaganda and occasionally uses 

terrorist violence.  During the 1970s the MEK staged terrorist attacks 

inside Iran and killed several US military personnel and civilians working 

on defense projects in Tehran.  Supported the takeover in 1979 of the US 

Embassy in Tehran.  In April 1992 conducted attacks on Iranian embassies 

in 13 different countries, demonstrating the group's ability to mount 

large-scale operations overseas.  The normal pace of anti-Iranian 

operations increased during the 'Operation Great Bahman' in February 2000, 

when the group claimed it launched a dozen attacks against Iran.  During 

the remainder of the year, the MEK regularly claimed that its members were 

involved in mortar attacks and hit-and-run raids on Iranian military, law 

enforcement units, and government buildings near the Iran-Iraq border.  

The MEK also claimed six mortar attacks on civilian government and 

military buildings in Tehran.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength: Several thousand 

fighters based in Iraq with an extensive overseas support structure.  Most 

of the fighters are organized in the MEK's National Liberation Army (NLA).</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of Operation: In 

the 1980s the MEK's leaders were forced by Iranian security forces to flee 

to France.  Most resettled in Iraq by 1987.  In the mid-1980s the group 

did not mount terrorist operations in Iran at a level similar to its 

activities in the 1970s.  In the 1990s, however, the MEK claimed credit 

for an increasing number of operations in Iran.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid: Beyond support 

from Iraq, the MEK uses front organizations to solicit contributions from 

expatriate Iranian communities.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "NationalLiberationArmyColombia">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#ForeignTerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>National Liberation Army</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>ELN</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Colombia" />

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Venezuela" />

<rdfs:comment>Marxist insurgent group formed in 

1965 by urban intellectuals inspired by Fidel Castro and Che Guevara.  

Began a dialogue with Colombian officials in 1999 following a campaign of 

mass kidnappings--each involving at least one US citizen--to demonstrate 

its strength and continuing viability and to force the Pastrana 

administration to negotiate.  Bogota and the ELN spent most of 2000 

discussing where to establish an ELN safehaven in which to hold peace 

talks.  A proposed location in north central Colombia faces stiff local 

and paramilitary opposition.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: Kidnapping, hijacking, 

bombing, extortion, and guerrilla war.  Modest conventional military 

capability.  Annually conducts hundreds of kidnappings for ransom, often 

targeting foreign employees of large corporations, especially in the 

petroleum industry.  Frequently assaults energy infrastructure and has 

inflicted major damage on pipelines and the electric distribution network.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength: Approximately 3,000 to 

6,000 armed combatants and an unknown number of active supporters.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of Operation: Mostly 

in rural and mountainous areas of north, northeast, and southwest Colombia 

and Venezuela border regions.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid: Cuba provides some 

medical care and political consultation.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "NationalLiberationFrontOfCorsica">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>National Liberation Front of Corsica</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>FLNC</rdfs:label>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "NationalUnionForTheTotalIndependenceOfAngola">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>National Union for the Total Independence of Angola</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Unita</rdfs:label>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "NestorPazZamoraCommission">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Nestor Paz Zamora Commission</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>CNPZ</rdfs:label>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "NewPeoplesArmy">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>New People's Army</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>NPA</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Philippines" />

<rdfs:comment>The military wing of the Communist Party of 

the Philippines (CPP), the NPA is a Maoist group formed in March 1969 with 

the aim of overthrowing the government through protracted guerrilla 

warfare.  Although primarily a rural-based guerrilla group, the NPA has an 

active urban infrastructure to conduct terrorism and uses city-based 

assassination squads called sparrow units.  Derives most of its funding 

from contributions of supporters and so-called revolutionary taxes 

extorted from local businesses.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: The NPA primarily targets 

Philippine security forces, corrupt politicians, and drug traffickers.  

Opposes any US military presence in the Philippines and attacked US 

military interests before the US base closures in 1992.  Press reports in 

1999 indicated that the NPA would target US troops participating in joint 

military exercises under the Visiting Forces Agreement and US Embassy 

personnel.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength:

Estimated between 6,000 and 8,000.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of Operation:s Operates in 

rural Luzon, Visayas, and parts of Mindanao.  Has cells in Manila and 

other metropolitan centers.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid:

Unknown. </rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "OrangeVolunteers">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Orange Volunteers</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>OV</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Government.owl#NorthernIreland" />

<rdfs:comment>Terrorist group comprised largely of 

disgruntled loyalist hardliners who split from groups observing the 

cease-fire.  OV seeks to prevent a political settlement with Irish 

nationalists by attacking Catholic civilian interests in Northern Ireland.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: The OV declared a cease-fire 

in September 2000, but the group maintains ability to conduct bombings, 

arson, beatings, and possibly robberies.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength: Up to 20 hard-core members, some 

of whom are experienced in terrorist tactics and bombmaking.</rdfs:comment>

<membersCount>20</membersCount>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of Operation:s

Northern Ireland.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid:

None.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "PalestineIslamicJihad">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#ForeignTerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Palestine Islamic Jihad</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>PIJ</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Israel" />

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Palestine" />

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Jordan" />

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Lebanon" />

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Syria" />

<rdfs:comment>Originated among militant 

Palestinians in the Gaza Strip during the 1970s.  Committed to the 

creation of an Islamic Palestinian state and the destruction of Israel 

through holy war.  Because of its strong support for Israel, the United 

States has been identified as an enemy of the PIJ, but the group has not 

specifically conducted attacks against US interests in the past.  In July 

2000, however, publicly threatened to attack US interests if the US 

Embassy is moved from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem.  Also opposes moderate Arab 

governments that it believes have been tainted by Western secularism.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: Conducted at least three 

attacks against Israeli interests in late 2000, including one to 

commemorate the anniversary of former PIJ leader Fathi Shaqaqi's murder in 

Malta on 26 October 1995.  Conducted suicide bombings against Israeli 

targets in the West Bank, Gaza Strip, and Israel.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength:

Unknown.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of Operation: Primarily 

Israel and the occupied territories and other parts of the Middle East, 

including Jordan and Lebanon.  Headquartered in Syria.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid: Receives financial 

assistance from Iran and limited logistic assistance from Syria.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "PalestineLiberationFront">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#ForeignTerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Palestine Liberation Front</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>PLF</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Iraq" />

<rdfs:comment>Broke away from the PFLP-GC in 

mid-1970s.  Later split again into pro-PLO, pro-Syrian, and pro-Libyan 

factions.  Pro-PLO faction led by Muhammad Abbas (Abu Abbas), who became 

member of PLO Executive Committee in 1984 but left it in 1991.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: The Abu Abbas-led 

faction is known for aerial attacks against Israel.  Abbas's group also 

was responsible for the attack in 1985 on the cruise ship Achille Lauro 

and the murder of US citizen Leon Klinghoffer.  A warrant for Abu Abbas's 

arrest is outstanding in Italy.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength:

Unknown.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of Operation: PLO 

faction based in Tunisia until Achille Lauro attack.  Now based in Iraq.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid:

Receives support mainly from Iraq. Has received support from Libya in the past.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "PeopleAgainstGangsterismAndDrugs">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>People Against Gangsterism and Drugs</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>PAGAD</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#SouthAfrica" />

<rdfs:comment>PAGAD was formed in 1996 

as a community anticrime group fighting drugs and violence in the Cape 

Flats section of Cape Town but by early 1998 had also become 

antigovernment and anti-Western.  PAGAD and its Islamic ally Qibla view 

the South African Government as a threat to Islamic values and 

consequently promote greater political voice for South African Muslims.  

The group is led by Abdus Salaam Ebrahim.  PAGAD's G-Force (Gun Force) 

operates in small cells and is believed responsible for carrying out acts 

of terrorism.  PAGAD uses several front names, including Muslims Against 

Global Oppression (MAGO) and Muslims Against Illegitimate Leaders (MAIL), 

when launching anti-Western protests and campaigns.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: PAGAD is 

suspected of conducting recurring bouts of urban terrorism--particularly 

bomb sprees--in Cape Town since 1998, including nine bombings in 2000.  

Bombing targets have included South African authorities, moderate Muslims, 

synagogues, gay nightclubs, tourist attractions, and Western-associated 

restaurants.  PAGAD is believed to have masterminded the bombing on 25 

August 1998 of the Cape Town Planet Hollywood.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength: Estimated at 

several hundred members.  PAGAD's G-Force probably contains fewer than 50 

members.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of 

Operation Operates mainly in the Cape Town area, South Africa's foremost 

tourist venue.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid:

Probably has ties to Islamic extremists in the Middle East.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "PeoplesLiberationArmy">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>People's Liberation Army</rdfs:label>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "PopularFrontForTheLiberationOfPalestine">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#ForeignTerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>PFLP</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Syria" />

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Lebanon" />

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Israel" />

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Palestine" />

<rdfs:comment>Marxist-Leninist 

group founded in 1967 by George Habash as a member of the PLO.  Joined the 

Alliance of Palestinian Forces (APF) to oppose the Declaration of 

Principles signed in 1993 and suspended participation in the PLO.  Broke 

away from the APF, along with the DFLP, in 1996 over ideological 

differences.  Took part in meetings with Arafat's Fatah party and PLO 

representatives in 1999 to discuss national unity and the reinvigoration 

of the PLO but continues to oppose current negotiations with Israel.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: 

Committed numerous international terrorist attacks during the 1970s.  

Since 1978 has conducted attacks against Israeli or moderate Arab targets, 

including killing a settler and her son in December 1996.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength:

Some 800.</rdfs:comment>

<membersCount>800</membersCount>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of 

Operation Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and the occupied territories.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid:

Receives safehaven and some logistic assistance from Syria.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "PopularFrontForTheLiberationOfPalestineGeneralCommand">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#ForeignTerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>PFLP-GC</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Syria" />

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Lebanon" />

<rdfs:comment>Split from the PFLP in 1968, claiming it wanted to focus more on fighting 

and less on politics.  Violently opposed to Arafat's PLO.  Led by Ahmad 

Jabril, a former captain in the Syrian Army.  Closely tied to both Syria 

and Iran.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: Carried out dozens of attacks in Europe and the Middle East 

during 1970s-80s.  Known for cross-border terrorist attacks into Israel 

using unusual means, such as hot-air balloons and motorized hang gliders.  

Primary focus now on guerrilla operations in southern Lebanon, small-scale 

attacks in Israel, West Bank, and Gaza Strip.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength:

Several hundred.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of Operation:

Headquartered in Damascus with bases in Lebanon.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid:

Receives logistic and military support from Syria and financial support from Iran.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "RealIRA">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Real IRA</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>RIRA</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>True IRA</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Government.owl#NorthernIreland" />

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Ireland" />

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#UnitedKingdomOfGreatBritainAndNorthernIreland" />

<rdfs:comment>Formed in February-March 1998 as clandestine armed 

wing of the 32-County Sovereignty Movement, a 'political pressure group' 

dedicated to removing British forces from Northern Ireland and unifying 

Ireland.  The 32-County Sovereignty Movement opposed Sinn Fein's adoption 

in September 1997 of the Mitchell principles of democracy and nonviolence 

and opposed the December 1999 amendment of Articles 2 and 3 of the Irish 

Constitution, which lay claim to Northern Ireland.  Former IRA 

'quartermaster general' Mickey McKevitt leads the group; Bernadette 

Sands-McKevitt, his common-law wife, is the vice-chair of the 32-County 

Sovereignty Movement.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: Bombings, assassinations, smuggling, 

extortion, and robberies.  Many Real IRA members are former IRA who 

opposed the IRA's cease-fire and bring to RIRA a wealth of experience in 

terrorist tactics and bombmaking.  Targets include British military and 

police in Northern Ireland and Northern Ireland civilian targets.  Has 

attempted several unsuccessful bomb attacks on the UK mainland.  Claimed 

responsibility for the car bomb attack in Omagh, Northern Ireland, on 15 

August 1998 that killed 29 and injured 220 persons.  The group declared a 

cease-fire following Omagh but in early 2000 resumed attacks in Northern 

Ireland and on the UK mainland.  These include a bombing of Hammersmith 

Bridge and a rocket attack against MI-6 Headquarters in London.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength: 150 to 200 activists plus possible 

limited support from IRA hardliners dissatisfied with the IRA cease-fire 

and other republican sympathizers.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of Operation:

Northern Ireland, Irish Republic, Great Britain.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid: Suspected of receiving funds from 

sympathizers in the United States.  RIRA also is thought to have purchased 

sophisticated weapons from the Balkans, according to press reports.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "Recontra380">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Recontra 380</rdfs:label>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "RedArmyFaction">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Red Army Faction</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>RAF</rdfs:label>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "RedBrigades">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Red Brigades</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>BR</rdfs:label>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "RedHandDefenders">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Red Hand Defenders</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>RHD</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Government.owl#NorthernIreland" />

<rdfs:comment>Extremist terrorist group composed largely of 

Protestant hardliners from loyalist groups observing a cease-fire.  RHD 

seeks to prevent a political settlement with Irish nationalists by 

attacking Catholic civilian interests in Northern Ireland.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: RHD was quiet in 2000, following a 

damaging security crackdown in late 1999.  In recent years, however, the 

group has carried out numerous pipe bombings and arson attacks against 

'soft' civilian targets, such as homes, churches, and private businesses, 

to cause outrage in the republican community and to provoke IRA 

retaliation.  RHD claimed responsibility for the car-bombing murder on 15 

March 1999 of Rosemary Nelson, a prominent Catholic nationalist lawyer and 

human rights campaigner in Northern Ireland.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength: Up to 20 members, some of whom have 

considerable experience in terrorist tactics and bomb-making.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of Operation:

Northern Ireland.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid:

None.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "RevolutionaryArmedForcesOfColombia">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#ForeignTerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>FARC</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Colombia" />

<government:agentOperatesInArea rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Venezuela" />

<government:agentOperatesInArea rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Panama" />

<government:agentOperatesInArea rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Ecuador" />

<rdfs:comment>Established in 1964 as 

the military wing of the Colombian Communist Party, the FARC is Colombia's 

oldest, largest, most capable, and best-equipped Marxist insurgency.  The 

FARC is governed by a secretariat, led by septuagenarian Manuel Marulanda, 

a.k.a.  'Tirofijo,' and six others, including senior military commander 

Jorge Briceno, a.k.a.  'Mono Jojoy.' Organized along military lines and 

includes several urban fronts.  In 2000, the group continued a slow-moving 

peace negotiation process with the Pastrana Administration, which has 

gained the group several concessions, including a demilitarized zone used 

as a venue for negotiations.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: Bombings, 

murder, kidnapping, extortion, hijacking, as well as guerrilla and 

conventional military action against Colombian political, military, and 

economic targets.  In March 1999 the FARC executed three US Indian rights 

activists on Venezuelan territory after it kidnapped them in Colombia.  

Foreign citizens often are targets of FARC kidnapping for ransom.  Has 

well-documented ties to narcotics traffickers, principally through the 

provision of armed protection.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength: Approximately 

9,000 to 12,000 armed combatants and an unknown number of supporters, 

mostly in rural areas.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of 

Operation Colombia with some activities--extortion, kidnapping, logistics, 

and R and R--in Venezuela, Panama, and Ecuador.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid: Cuba 

provides some medical care and political consultation.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "RevolutionaryOrganization17November">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#ForeignTerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Revolutionary Organization 17 November</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>17 November</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Greece" />

<rdfs:comment>Radical leftist group 

established in 1975 and named for the student uprising in Greece in 

November 1973 that protested the military regime.  Anti-Greek 

establishment, anti-US, anti-Turkey, anti-NATO, and committed to the 

ouster of US bases, removal of Turkish military presence from Cyprus, and 

severing of Greece's ties to NATO and the European Union (EU).</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: Initial 

attacks were assassinations of senior US officials and Greek public 

figures.  Added bombings in 1980s.  Since 1990 has expanded targets to 

include EU facilities and foreign firms investing in Greece and has added 

improvised rocket attacks to its methods.  Most recent attack claimed was 

the murder in June 2000 of British Defense Attache Stephen Saunders.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength:

Unknown, but presumed to be small.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of Operation:

Athens, Greece.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "RevolutionaryPeoplesLiberationPartyFront">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#ForeignTerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>DHKP/C</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Devrimci Sol</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Revolutionary Left</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Dev Sol</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Turkey" />

<government:agentOperatesInArea rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Europe" />

<rdfs:comment>Originally formed in 

1978 as Devrimci Sol, or Dev Sol, a splinter faction of the Turkish 

People's Liberation Party/Front.  Renamed in 1994 after factional 

infighting, it espouses a Marxist ideology and is virulently anti-US and 

anti-NATO.  Finances its activities chiefly through armed robberies and 

extortion.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: Since the 

late 1980s has concentrated attacks against current and retired Turkish 

security and military officials.  Began a new campaign against foreign 

interests in 1990.  Assassinated two US military contractors and wounded a 

US Air Force officer to protest the Gulf war.  Launched rockets at US 

Consulate in Istanbul in 1992.  Assassinated prominent Turkish businessman 

and two others in early 1996, its first significant terrorist act as 

DHKP/C.  Turkish authorities thwarted DHKP/C attempt in June 1999 to fire 

light antitank weapon at US Consulate in Istanbul.  Series of safehouse 

raids, arrests by Turkish police over last two years has weakened group 

significantly.  Turkish security forces stormed prison wards controlled by 

the DHKP/C in December 2000, transferring militants to cell-type 

penitentiaries and further undermining DHKP/C cohesion.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength:

Unknown.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of 

Operation Conducts attacks in Turkey, primarily in Istanbul, Ankara, 

Izmir, and Adana.  Raises funds in Western Europe.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid:

Unknown.</rdfs:comment>

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>DHCP/F</rdfs:label>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "RevolutionaryPeoplesStruggle">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#ForeignTerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Revolutionary People's Struggle</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>ELA</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Greece" />

<rdfs:comment>Extreme leftist group that 

developed from opposition to the military junta that ruled Greece from 

1967 to 1974.  Formed in 1971, ELA is a self-described revolutionary, 

anti-capitalist, and anti-imperialist group that has declared its 

opposition to 'imperialist domination, exploitation, and oppression.' 

Strongly anti-US and seeks the removal of US military forces from Greece.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: Since 1974 has 

conducted bombings against Greek Government and economic targets as well 

as US military and business facilities.  In 1986 stepped up attacks on 

Greek Government and commercial interests.  Raid on a safehouse in 1990 

revealed a weapons cache and direct contacts with other Greek terrorist 

groups, including 1 May and Revolutionary Solidarity.  In 1991, ELA and 1 

May claimed joint responsibility for more than 20 bombings.  Greek police 

believe they have established links between ELA and Revolutionary 

Organization 17 November.  Although ELA has not claimed an attack since 

January 1995, other groups have emerged with similar modus operandi.  Of 

these, Revolutionary Nuclei (a.k.a.  Revolutionary Cells) appears most 

likely to be the successor group to ELA.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength:

Unknown.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of Operation:

Greece.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid: Received weapons 

and other assistance from international terrorist Carlos during 1980s.  

Currently no known foreign sponsors.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "RevolutionaryUnitedFront">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Revolutionary United Front</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>RUF</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#SierraLeone" />

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Liberia" />

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Guinea" />

<rdfs:comment>The RUF is a loosely organized 

group--but an effective guerrilla force because of its flexibility and 

brutal discipline--seeking to topple the current government of Sierra 

Leone and to retain control of the lucrative diamond-producing regions of 

the country.  The group funds itself largely through the extraction and 

sale of diamonds obtained in areas of Sierra Leone that it controls.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: The RUF uses 

guerrilla, criminal, and terror tactics, such as murder, torture, and 

mutilation, to fight the government, intimidate civilians, and keep UN 

peacekeeping units in check.  In 2000 they held hundreds of UN 

peacekeepers hostage until their release was negotiated, in part, by the 

RUF's chief sponsor Liberian President Charles Taylor.  The group also has 

been accused of attacks in Guinea at the behest of President Taylor.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength: Estimated at several 

thousand fighters and possibly a similar number of supporters and 

sympathizers.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of Operation:

Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid: A UN experts panel 

report on Sierra Leone said President Charles Taylor of Liberia provides 

support and leadership to the RUF.  The UN has identified Libya, Gambia, 

and Burkina Faso as conduits for weapons and other materiel for the RUF.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "SabriAlBanna">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/SUMO.owl#Human"/>

<rdfs:comment>The Leader of the AbuNidalOrganization.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "SenderoLuminoso">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#ForeignTerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Shining Path</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>SL</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Sendero Luminoso</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Peru" />

<rdfs:comment>Former university professor Abimael Guzman 

formed Sendero Luminoso in the late 1960s, and his teachings created the 

foundation of SL's militant Maoist doctrine.  In the 1980s, SL became one 

of the most ruthless terrorist groups in the Western 

Hemisphere-approximately 30,000 persons have died since Shining Path took 

up arms in 1980.  Its stated goal is to destroy existing Peruvian 

institutions and replace them with a communist peasant revolutionary 

regime.  It also opposes any influence by foreign governments, as well as 

by other Latin American guerrilla groups, especially the Tupac Amaru 

Revolutionary Movement (MRTA).</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>In 2000, government authorities continued 

to arrest and prosecute active SL members, including, in April, commander 

Jose Arcela Chiroque, a.k.a.  Ormeno.  Counterterrorist operations 

targeted pockets of terrorist activity in the Upper Huallaga River Valley 

and the Apurimac/Ene River Valley, where SL columns continued to conduct 

periodic attacks.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: Conducted indiscriminate 

bombing campaigns and selective assassinations.  Detonated explosives at 

diplomatic missions of several countries in Peru in 1990, including an 

attempt to car-bomb the US Embassy in December.  SL continued in 2000 to 

clash with Peruvian authorities and military units in the countryside and 

conducted periodic raids on villages.  Despite numerous threats, the 

remaining active SL guerrillas were unable to cause any significant 

disruption to the Peruvian national elections held on 9 April.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength: Membership is unknown but 

estimated to be 100 to 200 armed militants.  SL's strength has been vastly 

diminished by arrests and desertions.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of Operation: Peru, with most 

activity in rural areas.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid:

None.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "ShaykhUmarAbdAlRahman">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/SUMO.owl#Human"/>

<rdfs:comment>The spiritual Leader of the AlGamaaAlIslamiyya.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "SikhTerrorism">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Sikh Terrorism</rdfs:label>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "SipahESahabaPakistan">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>SSP</rdfs:label>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "TheIslamicGreatEasternRaidersFront">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>The Islamic Great Eastern Raiders/Front</rdfs:label>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "TupacAmaruRevolutionaryMovement">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#ForeignTerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>MRTA</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Peru" />

<rdfs:comment>Traditional 

Marxist-Leninist revolutionary movement formed in 1983 from remnants of 

the Movement of the Revolutionary Left, a Peruvian insurgent group active 

in the 1960s.  Aims to establish a Marxist regime and to rid Peru of all 

imperialist elements (primarily US and Japanese influence).  Peru's 

counterterrorist program has diminished the group's ability to carry out 

terrorist attacks, and the MRTA has suffered from infighting, the 

imprisonment or deaths of senior leaders, and loss of leftist support.  

Several MRTA members also remain imprisoned in Bolivia.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: Previously 

conducted bombings, kidnappings, ambushes, and assassinations, but recent 

activity has fallen drastically.  In December 1996, 14 MRTA members 

occupied the Japanese Ambassador's residence in Lima and held 72 hostages 

for more than four months.  Peruvian forces stormed the residence in April 

1997, rescuing all but one of the remaining hostages and killing all 14 

group members, including the remaining leaders.  The group has not 

conducted a significant terrorist operation since and appears more focused 

on obtaining the release of imprisoned MRTA members.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength: Believed to be no 

more than 100 members, consisting largely of young fighters who lack 

leadership skills and experience.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Area of Operation: 

Peru with supporters throughout Latin America and Western Europe.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid:

None.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "TupacKatariGuerillaArmy">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Tupac Katari Guerilla Army</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>EGTK</rdfs:label>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "TurkishWorkersAndPeasantsLiberationArmy">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Turkish Workers' and Peasants' Liberation Army</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>TIKKO</rdfs:label>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "USStateDepartment">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/SUMO.owl#Government"/>

<rdfs:comment>The branch of the US Government that

  handles relations with foreign governments and entities.  It is the chief

  diplomatic instrument of US foreign policy.  It controls US embassies and 

  consuls.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "UlsterVolunteerForce">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>Ulster Volunteer Force</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>UVF</rdfs:label>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "UnitedLiberationFrontOfAssam">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>United Liberation Front of Assam</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>UVF</rdfs:label>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "UnitedPopularActionMovement">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>United Popular Action Movement</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Mapu Lautaro Group</rdfs:label>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "UnitedSelfDefenseForcesGroupOfColombia">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "#TerroristOrganization"/>

<rdfs:label>United Self-Defense Forces/Group of Colombia</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>AUC</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:label>Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia</rdfs:label>

<sumo:located rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/Geography.owl#Colombia" />

<rdfs:comment>The AUC--commonly 

referred to as autodefensas or paramilitaries--is an umbrella organization 

formed in April 1997 to consolidate most local and regional paramilitary 

groups each with the mission to protect economic interests and combat 

insurgents locally.  The AUC--supported by economic elites, drug 

traffickers, and local communities lacking effective government 

security--claims its primary objective is to protect its sponsors from 

insurgents.  The AUC now asserts itself as a regional and national 

counterinsurgent force.  It is adequately equipped and armed and 

reportedly pays its members a monthly salary.  AUC leader Carlos Castaņo 

in 2000 claimed 70 percent of the AUC's operational costs were financed 

with drug-related earnings, the rest from 'donations' from its sponsors.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Activities: AUC 

operations vary from assassinating suspected insurgent supporters to 

engaging guerrilla combat units.  Colombian National Police reported the 

AUC conducted 804 assassinations, 203 kidnappings, and 75 massacres with 

507 victims during the first 10 months of 2000.  The AUC claims the 

victims were guerrillas or sympathizers.  Combat tactics consist of 

conventional and guerilla operations against main force insurgent units.  

AUC clashes with military and police units are increasing, although the 

group has traditionally avoided government security forces.  The 

paramilitaries have not taken action against US personnel.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>Strength: In early 

2001, the government estimated there were 8,000 paramilitary fighters, 

including former military and insurgent personnel.</rdfs:comment>

<membersCount>8000</membersCount>

<rdfs:comment>Location/Areas of 

Operation AUC forces are strongest in the north and northwest: Antioquia, 

Cordoba, Sucre, Bolivar, Atlantico, and Magdalena Departments.  Since 

1999, the group demonstrated a growing presence in other northeastern and 

southwestern departments and a limited presence in the Amazon plains.  

Clashes between the AUC and the FARC insurgents in Putumayo in 2000 

demonstrated the range of the AUC to contest insurgents throughout 

Colombia.</rdfs:comment>

<rdfs:comment>External Aid:

None.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "UsamaBinLadin">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/SUMO.owl#Human"/>

<rdfs:comment>The Leader of the AlQaida.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "VelupillaiPrabhakaran">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/SUMO.owl#Human"/>

<rdfs:comment>The Leader of the LiberationTigersOfTamilEelam.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>



<rdf:Description rdf:ID= "YassirArafat">

<rdf:type rdf:resource = "http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/SUMO.owl#Human"/>

<rdfs:comment>The president of the Palestinian Authority.  

Also leader of Fatah and the PalestineLiberationOrganization prior to 

assuming political responsibilities as his primary activity.</rdfs:comment>

</rdf:Description>





</rdf:RDF>
