Natural Language View: DOLCE-EL
ABSTRACT (class)
Typology | An abstract is a particular. |
Examples | The following are abstracts: sets, regions, and propositions. |
Distinctions | No abstract is any of the following: a quality, a perdurant, or an endurant. |
ABSTRACT QUALITY (class)
Typology | An abstract quality is a quality. |
Description | |
Distinctions | No abstract quality is a temporal quality, or a physical quality. |
ABSTRACT REGION (class)
Typology | An abstract region is a region. |
Description | If X is abstract location Y then Y is an abstract region. If X is abstract location of Y then X is an abstract region. |
Distinctions | No abstract region is a temporal region, or a physical region. |
ACCOMPLISHMENT (class)
Typology | An accomplishment is an event. |
ACHIEVEMENT (class)
Typology | An achievement is an event. |
AMOUNT OF MATTER (class)
Typology | An amount of matter is a physical endurant. |
Distinctions | No amount of matter is a physical object, or a feature. |
ARBITRARY SUM (class)
Typology | An arbitrary sum is an endurant. |
Description | An arbitrary sum is part an endurant. |
Distinctions | No arbitrary sum is a physical endurant, or a non physical endurant. |
DEPENDENT PLACE (class)
Typology | A dependent place is a feature. |
ENDURANT (class)
EVENT (class)
Typology | |
Examples | Achievements, and accomplishments are events. |
FEATURE (class)
Typology | A feature is a physical endurant. |
Description | A feature is host a physical endurant. If X is host of Y then Y is a feature. |
Examples | Relevant parts, and dependent places are features. |
Distinctions | No amount of matter is a feature. No feature is a physical object. |
HAS AS QUALE (object property)
Typology | The property "has as quale" is a sub-property of "is q location". |
Description | If X has as quale Y then Y is a quale. If X has as quale Y then X is a quality. |
HAS AS QUALITY (object property)
Typology | The property "has as quality" is a sub-property of "is immediate relation i". |
Description | The property "has as t quality" is a sub-property of "has as quality". If X has as quality Y then Y is a quality. If X has as quality Y then X is a particular. |
HAS AS T QUALITY (object property)
Typology | The property "has as t quality" is a sub-property of "has as quality". |
Description | If X has as t quality Y then Y is a quality. If X has as t quality Y then X is a particular. |
IS ABSTRACT LOCATION (object property)
Typology | The property "is abstract location" is a sub-property of "is exact location". |
Description | If X is abstract location Y then Y is an abstract region. If X is abstract location Y then X is a non physical endurant. |
IS ABSTRACT LOCATION OF (object property)
Typology | The property "is abstract location of" is a sub-property of "is exact location of". |
Description | If X is abstract location of Y then Y is a non physical endurant. If X is abstract location of Y then X is an abstract region. |
IS ATOMIC PART (object property)
Typology | The property "is atomic part" is a sub-property of "is part". |
Description | If X is atomic part Y then Y is a particular. If X is atomic part Y then X is a particular. |
IS ATOMIC PART OF (object property)
Typology | The property "is atomic part of" is a sub-property of "is part of". |
Description | If X is atomic part of Y then Y is a particular. If X is atomic part of Y then X is a particular. |
IS BOUNDARY (object property)
Typology | The property "is boundary" is a sub-property of "is proper part". |
Description | If X is boundary Y then Y is a particular. If X is boundary Y then X is a particular. |
IS BOUNDARY OF (object property)
Typology | The property "is boundary of" is a sub-property of "is proper part of". |
Description | If X is boundary of Y then Y is a particular. If X is boundary of Y then X is a particular. |
IS CONSTANT PARTICIPANT (object property)
Typology | The property "is constant participant" is a sub-property of "is participant". |
Description | The following properties are sub-properties of "is constant participant": "is total constant participant" and "is life of". If X is constant participant Y then Y is an endurant. If X is constant participant Y then X is a perdurant. |
IS CONSTANT PARTICIPANT IN (object property)
Typology | The property "is constant participant in" is a sub-property of "is participant in". |
Description | The following properties are sub-properties of "is constant participant in": "is total constant participant in" and "is life". If X is constant participant in Y then Y is a perdurant. If X is constant participant in Y then X is an endurant. |
IS EXACT LOCATION (object property)
Typology | The property "is exact location" is a sub-property of "is generic location". |
Description | The following properties are sub-properties of "is exact location": "is spatio temporally present at", "is physical location" and "is abstract location". If X is exact location Y then Y is a region. If X is exact location Y then X is a particular. |
IS EXACT LOCATION OF (object property)
Typology | The property "is exact location of" is a sub-property of "is generic location of". |
Description | The following properties are sub-properties of "is exact location of": "is spatio temporal presence of", "is physical location of" and "is abstract location of". If X is exact location of Y then Y is a particular. If X is exact location of Y then X is a region. |
IS GENERIC CONSTITUENT (object property)
Typology | The property "is generic constituent" is a sub-property of "is immediate relation". |
Description | If X is generic constituent Y then Y is a particular. If X is generic constituent Y then X is a particular. |
IS GENERIC CONSTITUENT OF (object property)
Typology | The property "is generic constituent of" is a sub-property of "is immediate relation i". |
Description | If X is generic constituent of Y then Y is a particular. If X is generic constituent of Y then X is a particular. |
IS GENERIC DEPENDENT (object property)
Typology | The property "is generic dependent" is a sub-property of "is immediate relation". |
Description | If X is generic dependent Y then Y is a particular. If X is generic dependent Y then X is a particular. |
IS GENERIC LOCATION (object property)
Typology | The property "is generic location" is a sub-property of "is mediated relation". |
Description | The property "is exact location" is a sub-property of "is generic location". If X is generic location Y then Y is a particular. If X is generic location Y then X is a particular. |
IS GENERIC LOCATION OF (object property)
Typology | The property "is generic location of" is a sub-property of "is mediated relation i". |
Description | The property "is exact location of" is a sub-property of "is generic location of". If X is generic location of Y then Y is a particular. If X is generic location of Y then X is a particular. |
IS GENERICALLY DEPENDENT ON (object property)
Typology | The property "is generically dependent on" is a sub-property of "is immediate relation i". |
Description | If X is generically dependent on Y then Y is a particular. If X is generically dependent on Y then X is a particular. |
IS HOST (object property)
Typology | The property "is host" is a sub-property of "is specifically constantly dependent on". |
Description | If X is host Y then Y is a physical endurant. |
IS HOST OF (object property)
Typology | The property "is host of" is a sub-property of "is specific constant dependent". |
Description | If X is host of Y then Y is a feature. If X is host of Y then X is a physical endurant. |
IS IDENTITY C (object property)
Typology | The property "is identity c" is a sub-property of "is immediate relation". |
Description | If X is identity c Y then Y is a particular. If X is identity c Y then X is a particular. The property "is identity c" is transitive. |
IS IDENTITY N (object property)
Typology | The property "is identity n" is a sub-property of "is immediate relation". |
Description | If X is identity n Y then Y is a particular. If X is identity n Y then X is a particular. The property "is identity n" is transitive. |
IS IMMEDIATE RELATION (object property)
Description | The following properties are sub-properties of "is immediate relation": "is weak connection", "is specific constant dependent", "is specific constant constituent", "is r location", "is q location", "is participant", "is part", "is inherent in", "is identity n", "is identity c", "is generic dependent" and "is generic constituent". If X is immediate relation Y then Y is a particular. If X is immediate relation Y then X is a particular. |
IS IMMEDIATE RELATION I (object property)
Description | The following properties are sub-properties of "is immediate relation i": "is specifically constantly dependent on", "is specific constant constituent of", "is r location of", "is q location of", "is participant in", "is part of", "has as quality", "is generically dependent on" and "is generic constituent of". If X is immediate relation i Y then Y is a particular. If X is immediate relation i Y then X is a particular. |
IS INHERENT IN (object property)
Typology | The property "is inherent in" is a sub-property of "is immediate relation". |
Description | The property "is t inherent in" is a sub-property of "is inherent in". If X is inherent in Y then Y is a particular. If X is inherent in Y then X is a quality. |
IS LIFE (object property)
Typology | The property "is life" is a sub-property of "is constant participant in". |
Description |
IS LIFE OF (object property)
Typology | The property "is life of" is a sub-property of "is constant participant". |
Description | If X is life of Y then Y is an endurant. If X is life of Y then X is a perdurant. |
IS MEDIATED RELATION (object property)
Description | The following properties are sub-properties of "is mediated relation": "is strong connection", "is sibling part", "is q present at", "is partly compresent", "overlaps" and "is generic location". If X is mediated relation Y then Y is a particular. If X is mediated relation Y then X is a particular. |
IS MEDIATED RELATION I (object property)
Description | The following properties are sub-properties of "is mediated relation i": "is time of q presence of" and "is generic location of". If X is mediated relation i Y then Y is a particular. If X is mediated relation i Y then X is a particular. |
IS MEREOLOGICALLY COINCIDES (object property)
Typology | The property "is mereologically coincides" is a sub-property of "is temporary part". |
Description | If X is mereologically coincides Y then Y is an endurant. If X is mereologically coincides Y then X is an endurant. |
IS PART (object property)
Typology | The property "is part" is a sub-property of "is immediate relation". |
Description | The following properties are sub-properties of "is part": "is temporary part", "is proper part" and "is atomic part". If X is part Y then Y is a particular. If X is part Y then X is a particular. The property "is part" is transitive. |
IS PART OF (object property)
Typology | The property "is part of" is a sub-property of "is immediate relation i". |
Description | The following properties are sub-properties of "is part of": "is temporary part of", "is proper part of" and "is atomic part of". If X is part of Y then Y is a particular. If X is part of Y then X is a particular. The property "is part of" is transitive. |
IS PARTICIPANT (object property)
Typology | The property "is participant" is a sub-property of "is immediate relation". |
Description | The following properties are sub-properties of "is participant": "is temporary participant" and "is constant participant". If X is participant Y then Y is an endurant. If X is participant Y then X is a perdurant. |
IS PARTICIPANT IN (object property)
Typology | The property "is participant in" is a sub-property of "is immediate relation i". |
Description | The following properties are sub-properties of "is participant in": "is temporary participant in" and "is constant participant in". If X is participant in Y then Y is a perdurant. If X is participant in Y then X is an endurant. |
IS PARTLY COMPRESENT (object property)
Typology | The property "is partly compresent" is a sub-property of "is mediated relation". |
Description | The following properties are sub-properties of "is partly compresent": "is temporary part of" and "is temporary part". If X is partly compresent Y then Y is a particular. If X is partly compresent Y then X is a particular. |
IS PHYSICAL LOCATION (object property)
Typology | The property "is physical location" is a sub-property of "is exact location". |
Description | If X is physical location Y then Y is a physical region. If X is physical location Y then X is a physical endurant. |
IS PHYSICAL LOCATION OF (object property)
Typology | The property "is physical location of" is a sub-property of "is exact location of". |
Description | If X is physical location of Y then Y is a physical endurant. If X is physical location of Y then X is a physical region. |
IS PROPER PART (object property)
Typology | The property "is proper part" is a sub-property of "is part". |
Description | The following properties are sub-properties of "is proper part": "is temporary proper part" and "is boundary". If X is proper part Y then Y is a particular. If X is proper part Y then X is a particular. The property "is proper part" is transitive. |
IS PROPER PART OF (object property)
Typology | The property "is proper part of" is a sub-property of "is part of". |
Description | The following properties are sub-properties of "is proper part of": "is temporary proper part of" and "is boundary of". If X is proper part of Y then Y is a particular. If X is proper part of Y then X is a particular. The property "is proper part of" is transitive. |
IS Q LOCATION (object property)
Typology | The property "is q location" is a sub-property of "is immediate relation". |
Description | The property "has as quale" is a sub-property of "is q location". If X is q location Y then Y is a region. If X is q location Y then X is a quality. |
IS Q LOCATION OF (object property)
Typology | The property "is q location of" is a sub-property of "is immediate relation i". |
Description | The property "is quale of" is a sub-property of "is q location of". If X is q location of Y then Y is a quality. If X is q location of Y then X is a region. |
IS Q PRESENT AT (object property)
Typology | The property "is q present at" is a sub-property of "is mediated relation". |
Description | If X is q present at Y then Y is a time interval. If X is q present at Y then X is a physical quality. |
IS QUALE OF (object property)
Typology | The property "is quale of" is a sub-property of "is q location of". |
Description | If X is quale of Y then Y is a quality. If X is quale of Y then X is a quale. |
IS R LOCATION (object property)
Typology | The property "is r location" is a sub-property of "is immediate relation". |
Description | If X is r location Y then Y is a region. If X is r location Y then X is a region. |
IS R LOCATION OF (object property)
Typology | The property "is r location of" is a sub-property of "is immediate relation i". |
Description | If X is r location of Y then Y is a region. If X is r location of Y then X is a region. |
IS SIBLING PART (object property)
Typology | The property "is sibling part" is a sub-property of "is mediated relation". |
Description | If X is sibling part Y then Y is a particular. If X is sibling part Y then X is a particular. |
IS SPATIO TEMPORAL PRESENCE OF (object property)
Typology | The property "is spatio temporal presence of" is a sub-property of "is exact location of". |
Description | If X is spatio temporal presence of Y then Y is a particular. If X is spatio temporal presence of Y then X is a spatio temporal region. |
IS SPATIO TEMPORALLY PRESENT AT (object property)
Typology | The property "is spatio temporally present at" is a sub-property of "is exact location". |
Description | If X is spatio temporally present at Y then Y is a spatio temporal region. If X is spatio temporally present at Y then X is a particular. |
IS SPECIFIC CONSTANT CONSTITUENT (object property)
Typology | The property "is specific constant constituent" is a sub-property of "is immediate relation". |
Description | If X is specific constant constituent Y then Y is a particular. If X is specific constant constituent Y then X is a particular. |
IS SPECIFIC CONSTANT CONSTITUENT OF (object property)
Typology | The property "is specific constant constituent of" is a sub-property of "is immediate relation i". |
Description | If X is specific constant constituent of Y then Y is a particular. If X is specific constant constituent of Y then X is a particular. |
IS SPECIFIC CONSTANT DEPENDENT (object property)
Typology | The property "is specific constant dependent" is a sub-property of "is immediate relation". |
Description | The property "is host of" is a sub-property of "is specific constant dependent". If X is specific constant dependent Y then Y is a particular. If X is specific constant dependent Y then X is a particular. |
IS SPECIFICALLY CONSTANTLY DEPENDENT ON (object property)
Typology | The property "is specifically constantly dependent on" is a sub-property of "is immediate relation i". |
Description | The property "is host" is a sub-property of "is specifically constantly dependent on". If X is specifically constantly dependent on Y then Y is a particular. If X is specifically constantly dependent on Y then X is a particular. |
IS STRONG CONNECTION (object property)
Typology | The property "is strong connection" is a sub-property of "is mediated relation". |
Description | If X is strong connection Y then Y is a particular. If X is strong connection Y then X is a particular. |
IS T INHERENT IN (object property)
Typology | The property "is t inherent in" is a sub-property of "is inherent in". |
Description | If X is t inherent in Y then Y is a particular. If X is t inherent in Y then X is a quality. |
IS TEMPORARY ATOMIC PART (object property)
Typology | The property "is temporary atomic part" is a sub-property of "is temporary proper part". |
Description | If X is temporary atomic part Y then Y is an endurant. If X is temporary atomic part Y then X is an endurant. |
IS TEMPORARY ATOMIC PART OF (object property)
Typology | The property "is temporary atomic part of" is a sub-property of "is temporary proper part of". |
Description | If X is temporary atomic part of Y then Y is an endurant. If X is temporary atomic part of Y then X is an endurant. |
IS TEMPORARY PART (object property)
Typology | The property "is temporary part" is a sub-property of the following properties: "is partly compresent" and "is part". |
Description | The following properties are sub-properties of "is temporary part": "is temporary proper part" and "is mereologically coincides". If X is temporary part Y then Y is an endurant. If X is temporary part Y then X is an endurant. |
IS TEMPORARY PART OF (object property)
Typology | The property "is temporary part of" is a sub-property of the following properties: "is partly compresent" and "is part of". |
Description | The property "is temporary proper part of" is a sub-property of "is temporary part of". If X is temporary part of Y then Y is an endurant. If X is temporary part of Y then X is an endurant. |
IS TEMPORARY PARTICIPANT (object property)
Typology | The property "is temporary participant" is a sub-property of "is participant". |
Description | The property "is total temporary participant" is a sub-property of "is temporary participant". If X is temporary participant Y then Y is an endurant. If X is temporary participant Y then X is a perdurant. |
IS TEMPORARY PARTICIPANT IN (object property)
Typology | The property "is temporary participant in" is a sub-property of "is participant in". |
Description | The property "is total temporary participant in" is a sub-property of "is temporary participant in". If X is temporary participant in Y then Y is a perdurant. If X is temporary participant in Y then X is an endurant. |
IS TEMPORARY PROPER PART (object property)
Typology | The property "is temporary proper part" is a sub-property of the following properties: "is temporary part" and "is proper part". |
Description | The property "is temporary atomic part" is a sub-property of "is temporary proper part". If X is temporary proper part Y then Y is an endurant. If X is temporary proper part Y then X is an endurant. |
IS TEMPORARY PROPER PART OF (object property)
Typology | The property "is temporary proper part of" is a sub-property of the following properties: "is temporary part of" and "is proper part of". |
Description | The property "is temporary atomic part of" is a sub-property of "is temporary proper part of". If X is temporary proper part of Y then Y is an endurant. If X is temporary proper part of Y then X is an endurant. |
IS TIME OF Q PRESENCE OF (object property)
Typology | The property "is time of q presence of" is a sub-property of "is mediated relation i". |
Description | If X is time of q presence of Y then Y is a physical quality. If X is time of q presence of Y then X is a time interval. |
IS TOTAL CONSTANT PARTICIPANT (object property)
Typology | The property "is total constant participant" is a sub-property of "is constant participant". |
Description | If X is total constant participant Y then Y is an endurant. If X is total constant participant Y then X is a perdurant. |
IS TOTAL CONSTANT PARTICIPANT IN (object property)
Typology | The property "is total constant participant in" is a sub-property of "is constant participant in". |
Description | If X is total constant participant in Y then Y is a perdurant. If X is total constant participant in Y then X is an endurant. |
IS TOTAL TEMPORARY PARTICIPANT (object property)
Typology | The property "is total temporary participant" is a sub-property of "is temporary participant". |
Description | If X is total temporary participant Y then Y is an endurant. If X is total temporary participant Y then X is a perdurant. |
IS TOTAL TEMPORARY PARTICIPANT IN (object property)
Typology | The property "is total temporary participant in" is a sub-property of "is temporary participant in". |
Description | If X is total temporary participant in Y then Y is a perdurant. If X is total temporary participant in Y then X is an endurant. |
IS WEAK CONNECTION (object property)
Typology | The property "is weak connection" is a sub-property of "is immediate relation". |
Description | If X is weak connection Y then Y is a particular. If X is weak connection Y then X is a particular. |
NON PHYSICAL ENDURANT (class)
Typology | A non physical endurant is an endurant. |
Description | If X is abstract location of Y then Y is a non physical endurant. If X is abstract location Y then X is a non physical endurant. |
Examples | |
Distinctions | No arbitrary sum is a non physical endurant. No non physical endurant is a physical endurant. |
NON PHYSICAL OBJECT (class)
Typology | |
Description | A non physical object is generically dependent on a physical endurant. |
OVERLAPS (object property)
Typology | The property "overlaps" is a sub-property of "is mediated relation". |
Description | If X overlaps Y then Y is a particular. If X overlaps Y then X is a particular. |
PARTICULAR (class)
PERDURANT (class)
Typology | A perdurant is a spatio temporal particular. |
Description | If any of the following relationships hold between X and Y then Y is a perdurant: "is total temporary participant in", "is total constant participant in", "is temporary participant in", "is participant in", "is life" and "is constant participant in". If any of the following relationships hold between X and Y then X is a perdurant: "is total temporary participant", "is total constant participant", "is temporary participant", "is participant", "is life of" and "is constant participant". A perdurant both is participant an endurant, and has as quality a temporal location q. |
Examples | Statives, and events are perdurants. |
Distinctions | No endurants or abstracts are perdurants. |
PHYSICAL ENDURANT (class)
Typology | A physical endurant is an endurant. |
Description | A physical endurant both has as quality a spatial location q, and has as quality a physical quality. If any of the following relationships hold between X and Y then Y is a physical endurant: "is physical location of" and "is host". If any of the following relationships hold between X and Y then X is a physical endurant: "is physical location" and "is host of". |
Examples | The following are physical endurants: physical objects, features, and amounts of matter. |
Distinctions | No non physical endurants or arbitrary sums are physical endurants. |
PHYSICAL OBJECT (class)
Typology | A physical object is a physical endurant. |
Distinctions | No features or amounts of matter are physical objects. |
PHYSICAL QUALITY (class)
Typology | A physical quality is a quality. |
Description | A physical quality is inherent in a physical endurant. If X is time of q presence of Y then Y is a physical quality. If X is q present at Y then X is a physical quality. |
Examples | A spatial location q is a physical quality. |
Distinctions | No abstract quality is a physical quality. No physical quality is a temporal quality. |
PHYSICAL REGION (class)
Typology | A physical region is a region. |
Description | If X is physical location Y then Y is a physical region. If X is physical location of Y then X is a physical region. |
Examples | A space region is a physical region. |
Distinctions | No abstract region is a physical region. No physical region is a temporal region. |
PROPOSITION (class)
Typology | A proposition is an abstract. |
QUALE (class)
Definition | A quale is defined as a region that is atomic part of a region. |
Description | If X has as quale Y then Y is a quale. If X is quale of Y then X is a quale. |
QUALITY (class)
Typology | A quality is a spatio temporal particular. |
Description | If any of the following relationships hold between X and Y then Y is a quality: "is quale of", "is q location of", "has as t quality" and "has as quality". If any of the following relationships hold between X and Y then X is a quality: "is t inherent in", "is q location", "is inherent in" and "has as quale". |
Examples | The following are qualities: temporal qualities, physical qualities, and abstract qualities. |
Distinctions | None of the following are qualities: perdurants, endurants, or abstracts. |
QUALITY SPACE (class)
Other | No information. |
REGION (class)
Typology | |
Description | If any of the following relationships hold between X and Y then Y is a region: "is r location of", "is r location", "is q location" and "is exact location". If any of the following relationships hold between X and Y then X is a region: "is r location of", "is r location", "is q location of" and "is exact location of". |
Examples | The following are regions: temporal regions, physical regions, and abstract regions. |
RELEVANT PART (class)
Typology | A relevant part is a feature. |
SPACE REGION (class)
Typology | A space region is a physical region. |
Examples | A spatio temporal region is a space region. |
SPATIAL LOCATION Q (class)
Typology | A spatial location q is a physical quality. |
SPATIO TEMPORAL PARTICULAR (class)
Examples | The following are spatio temporal particulars: qualities, perdurants, and endurants. |
SPATIO TEMPORAL REGION (class)
Typology | A spatio temporal region is a space region. |
Description | If X is spatio temporally present at Y then Y is a spatio temporal region. If X is spatio temporal presence of Y then X is a spatio temporal region. |
TEMPORAL LOCATION Q (class)
Typology | A temporal location q is a temporal quality. |
TEMPORAL QUALITY (class)
Typology | A temporal quality is a quality. |
Description | |
Examples | A temporal location q is a temporal quality. |
Distinctions | No physical qualities or abstract qualities are temporal qualities. |
TEMPORAL REGION (class)
Typology | A temporal region is a region. |
Examples | A time interval is a temporal region. |
Distinctions | No physical regions or abstract regions are temporal regions. |
TIME INTERVAL (class)
Typology | A time interval is a temporal region. |
Description | If X is q present at Y then Y is a time interval. If X is time of q presence of Y then X is a time interval. |