Natural Language View: GFO-Abstract-Core-Ontology

ATTRIBUTE (class)

Typology

ATTRIBUTE (individual)

Other

No information.

CATEGORY (class)

Typology	A category is an item.
Description	If any of the following relationships hold between X and Y then Y is a category: "is instance of", "has as category" and "has as categorial part". If any of the following relationships hold between X and Y then X is a category: "is instantiated by" and "has as categorial part".
Examples	The following are categories: relation categories, relations and properties, and so on (4 items in total).
Distinctions	No category is an individual.

CAUSES (object property)

Description

The property "is agent in" is a sub-property of "causes".

X is caused by Y if and only if Y causes X.

DEPENDS ON (object property)

Description

The property "is boundary of" is a sub-property of "depends on".

If X depends on Y then Y is an item.

If X depends on Y then X is an item.

X is necessary for Y if and only if Y depends on X.

ENTITY (class)

Description

If any of the following relationships hold between X and Y then X is an entity: "is member of" and "is instance of".

If X has as member Y then Y is an entity.

Examples

An item is an entity.

EXISTS AT (object property)

Description

The object property "exists at" is functional.

FRAMES (object property)

Description

X frames Y if and only if Y is framed by X.

The object property "frames" is inverse-functional.

HAS AS AGENT (object property)

Description

X is agent in Y if and only if Y has as agent X.

HAS AS BOUNDARY (object property)

Description

The following properties are sub-properties of "has as boundary": "has as time boundary" and "has as spatial boundary".

X has as boundary Y if and only if Y is boundary of X.

The object property "has as boundary" is inverse-functional.

HAS AS CATEGORIAL PART (object property)

Typology

The property "has as categorial part" is a sub-property of "is abstract has part".

Description

If X has as categorial part Y then Y is a category.

If X has as categorial part Y then X is a category.

X has as categorial part Y if and only if Y is categorial part of X.

HAS AS CATEGORY (object property)

Description

If X has as category Y then Y is a category.

X has as category Y if and only if Y is category in layer X.

HAS AS CONSTITUENT PART (object property)

Typology	The property "has as constituent part" is a sub-property of "has as proper part".
Description	X is constituent part of Y if and only if Y has as constituent part X.

HAS AS FUNCTION (object property)

Description

If X has as function Y then X is an individual.

X is function of Y if and only if Y has as function X.

HAS AS FUNCTION DETERMINANT (object property)

Description

The following properties are sub-properties of "has as function determinant": "has as requirement", "has as goal" and "has as functional item".

If X has as function determinant Y then Y is an individual.

X is function determinant of Y if and only if Y has as function determinant X.

HAS AS FUNCTIONAL ITEM (object property)

Typology

The property "has as functional item" is a sub-property of "has as function determinant".

Description

X has as functional item Y if and only if Y is functional item of X.

The object property "has as functional item" is functional.

HAS AS GOAL (object property)

Typology	The property "has as goal" is a sub-property of "has as function determinant".
Description	X has as goal Y if and only if Y is goal of X.

HAS AS LEFT TIME BOUNDARY (object property)

Typology

The property "has as left time boundary" is a sub-property of "has as time boundary".

Description

X has as left time boundary Y if and only if Y is left boundary of X.

The object property "has as left time boundary" is functional.

HAS AS MEMBER (object property)

Description

If X has as member Y then Y is an entity.

X has as member Y if and only if Y is member of X.

HAS AS PART (object property)

Typology

The property "has as part" is a sub-property of "is abstract has part".

Description

The property "has as proper part" is a sub-property of "has as part".

X is part of Y if and only if Y has as part X.

The property "has as part" is transitive.

HAS AS PARTICIPANT (object property)

Description

X has as participant Y if and only if Y participates in X.

HAS AS PROPER PART (object property)

Typology

The property "has as proper part" is a sub-property of "has as part".

Description

The property "has as constituent part" is a sub-property of "has as proper part".

X is proper part of Y if and only if Y has as proper part X.

The property "has as proper part" is transitive.

HAS AS REQUIREMENT (object property)

Typology	The property "has as requirement" is a sub-property of "has as function determinant".
Description	X is requirement of Y if and only if Y has as requirement X.

HAS AS RIGHT TIME BOUNDARY (object property)

Typology

The property "has as right time boundary" is a sub-property of "has as time boundary".

Description

X is right boundary of Y if and only if Y has as right time boundary X.

The object property "has as right time boundary" is functional.

HAS AS SEQUENCE CONSTITUENT (object property)

Description

X is sequence constituent of Y if and only if Y has as sequence constituent X.

HAS AS SPATIAL BOUNDARY (object property)

Typology	The property "has as spatial boundary" is a sub-property of "has as boundary".
Description	X has as spatial boundary Y if and only if Y is spatial boundary of X.

HAS AS TIME BOUNDARY (object property)

Typology

The property "has as time boundary" is a sub-property of "has as boundary".

Description

The following properties are sub-properties of "has as time boundary": "has as right time boundary" and "has as left time boundary".

X has as time boundary Y if and only if Y is time boundary of X.

HAS AS TOKEN (object property)

Typology	The property "has as token" is a sub-property of "is instance of".
Description	X has as token Y if and only if Y is token of X.

HAS AS VALUE (object property)

Description

X is value of Y if and only if Y has as value X.

INDIVIDUAL (class)

Typology	An individual is an item.
Description	If any of the following relationships hold between X and Y then Y is an individual: "is role of", "is layer of" and "has as function determinant". If any of the following relationships hold between X and Y then X is an individual: "realizes", "is on layer" and "has as function". An individual is not something that is instantiated by an item.
Examples	The following are individuals: roles, relators and objects, and so on (4 items in total).
Distinctions	No category is an individual.

IS ABSTRACT HAS PART (object property)

Description

The following properties are sub-properties of "is abstract has part": "has as part" and "has as categorial part".

If X is abstract has part Y then Y is an item.

If X is abstract has part Y then X is an item.

X is abstract part of Y if and only if Y is abstract has part X.

The property "is abstract has part" is transitive.

IS ABSTRACT PART OF (object property)

Description

The following properties are sub-properties of "is abstract part of": "is part of" and "is categorial part of".

If X is abstract part of Y then Y is an item.

If X is abstract part of Y then X is an item.

X is abstract part of Y if and only if Y is abstract has part X.

The property "is abstract part of" is transitive.

IS AGENT IN (object property)

Typology	The property "is agent in" is a sub-property of the following properties: "participates in" and "causes".
Description	X is agent in Y if and only if Y has as agent X.

IS BOUNDARY OF (object property)

Typology

The property "is boundary of" is a sub-property of "depends on".

Description

The following properties are sub-properties of "is boundary of": "is time boundary of" and "is spatial boundary of".

X has as boundary Y if and only if Y is boundary of X.

IS CATEGORIAL PART OF (object property)

Typology

The property "is categorial part of" is a sub-property of "is abstract part of".

Description

The property "is category in layer" is a sub-property of "is categorial part of".

X has as categorial part Y if and only if Y is categorial part of X.

IS CATEGORY IN LAYER (object property)

Typology	The property "is category in layer" is a sub-property of "is categorial part of".
Description	X has as category Y if and only if Y is category in layer X.

IS CAUSED BY (object property)

Description

X is caused by Y if and only if Y causes X.

IS CONSTITUENT PART OF (object property)

Typology	The property "is constituent part of" is a sub-property of "is proper part of".
Description	X is constituent part of Y if and only if Y has as constituent part X.

IS FRAMED BY (object property)

Typology

The property "is framed by" is a sub-property of "occupies".

Description

X frames Y if and only if Y is framed by X.

The object property "is framed by" is functional.

IS FUNCTION DETERMINANT OF (object property)

Description

The following properties are sub-properties of "is function determinant of": "is requirement of", "is goal of" and "is functional item of".

X is function determinant of Y if and only if Y has as function determinant X.

IS FUNCTION OF (object property)

Description

X is function of Y if and only if Y has as function X.

IS FUNCTIONAL ITEM OF (object property)

Typology	The property "is functional item of" is a sub-property of "is function determinant of".
Description	X has as functional item Y if and only if Y is functional item of X.

IS GOAL OF (object property)

Typology	The property "is goal of" is a sub-property of "is function determinant of".
Description	X has as goal Y if and only if Y is goal of X.

IS INSTANCE OF (object property)

Description

The property "has as token" is a sub-property of "is instance of".

If X is instance of Y then Y is a category.

If X is instance of Y then X is an entity.

X is instantiated by Y if and only if Y is instance of X.

IS INSTANTIATED BY (object property)

Description

If X is instantiated by Y then X is a category.

X is instantiated by Y if and only if Y is instance of X.

IS LAYER OF (object property)

Description

The following properties are sub-properties of "is layer of": "is stratum of" and "is level of".

If X is layer of Y then Y is an individual.

X is layer of Y if and only if Y is on layer X.

IS LEFT BOUNDARY OF (object property)

Description

X has as left time boundary Y if and only if Y is left boundary of X.

The object property "is left boundary of" is inverse-functional.

IS LEVEL OF (object property)

Typology	The property "is level of" is a sub-property of "is layer of".
Description	X is level of Y if and only if Y is on level X.

IS MEMBER OF (object property)

Description

If X is member of Y then X is an entity.

X has as member Y if and only if Y is member of X.

IS NECESSARY FOR (object property)

Description

If X is necessary for Y then Y is an item.

If X is necessary for Y then X is an item.

X is necessary for Y if and only if Y depends on X.

IS OCCUPIED BY (object property)

Description

X occupies Y if and only if Y is occupied by X.

The object property "is occupied by" is inverse-functional.

IS ON LAYER (object property)

Description

The following properties are sub-properties of "is on layer": "is on stratum" and "is on level".

If X is on layer Y then X is an individual.

X is layer of Y if and only if Y is on layer X.

IS ON LEVEL (object property)

Typology	The property "is on level" is a sub-property of "is on layer".
Description	X is level of Y if and only if Y is on level X.

IS ON STRATUM (object property)

Typology	The property "is on stratum" is a sub-property of "is on layer".
Description	X is on stratum Y if and only if Y is stratum of X.

IS PART OF (object property)

Typology

The property "is part of" is a sub-property of "is abstract part of".

Description

The following properties are sub-properties of "is part of": "is sequence constituent of" and "is proper part of".

X is part of Y if and only if Y has as part X.

The property "is part of" is transitive.

IS PROJECTION OF (object property)

Description

X is projection of Y if and only if Y projects to X.

The object property "is projection of" is inverse-functional.

IS PROPER PART OF (object property)

Typology

The property "is proper part of" is a sub-property of "is part of".

Description

The property "is constituent part of" is a sub-property of "is proper part of".

X is proper part of Y if and only if Y has as proper part X.

The property "is proper part of" is transitive.

IS REALIZED BY (object property)

Description

X realizes Y if and only if Y is realized by X.

IS REQUIREMENT OF (object property)

Typology	The property "is requirement of" is a sub-property of "is function determinant of".
Description	X is requirement of Y if and only if Y has as requirement X.

IS RIGHT BOUNDARY OF (object property)

Description

X is right boundary of Y if and only if Y has as right time boundary X.

The object property "is right boundary of" is inverse-functional.

IS ROLE OF (object property)

Description

If X is role of Y then Y is an individual.

IS SEQUENCE CONSTITUENT OF (object property)

Typology	The property "is sequence constituent of" is a sub-property of "is part of".
Description	X is sequence constituent of Y if and only if Y has as sequence constituent X.

IS SPATIAL BOUNDARY OF (object property)

Typology	The property "is spatial boundary of" is a sub-property of "is boundary of".
Description	X has as spatial boundary Y if and only if Y is spatial boundary of X.

IS STRATUM OF (object property)

Typology	The property "is stratum of" is a sub-property of "is layer of".
Description	X is on stratum Y if and only if Y is stratum of X.

IS TIME BOUNDARY OF (object property)

Typology	The property "is time boundary of" is a sub-property of "is boundary of".
Description	X has as time boundary Y if and only if Y is time boundary of X.

IS TOKEN OF (object property)

Description

X has as token Y if and only if Y is token of X.

IS VALUE OF (object property)

Description

X is value of Y if and only if Y has as value X.

ITEM (class)

Definition	An item is defined as something that is a category, or is an individual.
Typology	An item is an entity.
Description	If any of the following relationships hold between X and Y then Y is an item: "is necessary for", "depends on", "is abstract part of" and "is abstract has part". If any of the following relationships hold between X and Y then X is an item: "is necessary for", "depends on", "is abstract part of" and "is abstract has part". An item is not something that has as member an entity.
Examples	Individuals, and categories are items.